The response of pyriproxyfen-resistant and susceptible %Bemisia tabaci Genn (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to pyriproxifen and fenoycarb alone and in combination with piperonyl butoxide

Pyriproxyfen was effective against susceptible Bemisia tabaci eggs at a LC50 of 0.003 mg litre(-1) and against nymphs at 0.02 mg litre(-1). In comparison, eggs of a laboratory selected, pyriproxyfen-resistant B tabaci strain, originating in an Israeli greenhouse, exhibited 6500-fold resistance and nymphs exhibited 1100-fold resistance. Eggs and nymphs of a strain from an Israeli sunflower field exhibited 450 and 210-fold resistance in comparison to the susceptible standard. Fenoxycarb was generally less effective than pyriproxyfen against B tabaci eggs and nymphs but was unaffected by pyriproxyfen resistance. Piperonyl butoxide (PB) was antagonistic to pyriproxyfen, and this increased with increasing pyriproxyfen resistance. PB had no effect on the toxicity of fenoxycarb. Collectively, these data imply that the modes of action of pyriproxyfen and fenoxycarb are distinct, despite the structural similarities of these molecules. Possible reasons for the antagonism of PB against pyriproxyfen are discussed. (C) 1999 Society of Chemical Industry.