Effects of temperature on germination and hyphal growth from ascospores of A-group and B-group Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape)

Ascospores of both A-group and B-group Leptosphaeria maculans germinated at temperatures from 5-20degreesC on distilled water agar or detached oilseed rape leaves. After 2 h of incubation on water agar, some A-group ascospores had germinated at 10-20degreesC and some B-group ascospores had germinated at 5-20degreesC. The percentages of both A-group and B-group ascospores that had germinated after 24 h of incubation increased with increasing temperature from 5-20'C. The observed time (Vo(50)) which elapsed from inoculation until 50% of the spores had germinated was shorter for B-group than for A-group ascospores. Germ tube length increased with increasing temperature from 5-20degreesC for both ascospore groups. Germ tubes from B-group ascospores were longer than germ tubes from A-group ascospores at all temperatures tested, but the mean diameter of germ tubes from A-group ascospores (1.8 mum) was greater than that of those from B-group ascospores (1.2 mum) at 15degreesC and 20degreesC. The average number of germ tubes produced from A-group ascospores (3.8) was greater than that from B-group ascospores (3.1) after 24 h of incubation at 20degreesC, on both water agar and leaf surfaces. Germ tubes originated predominantly From interstitial cells or terminal cells of A-group or B-group ascospores, respectively, on both water agar and leaf surfaces. Hyphae from A-group ascospores grew tortuously with extensive branching, whilst those from B-group ascospores were predominantly long and straight with little branching, whether the ascospores were produced from oilseed rape debris or from crosses between single ascospore isolates, and whether ascospores were germinating on water agar or leaf surfaces.