The occurrence of chronic and acute bee paralysis viruses in bees outside Britain

Honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus) from Austria and Switzerland, suffering from Waldtrachtkrankheit, and from Italy and Norway suffering from Mal Noir contained as much chronic bee paralysis virus as bees suffering from “paralysis” in Britain and Malta. These diseases appear to be etiologically the same, therefore, and the variable and unreliable signs sometimes exhibited are perhaps caused by factors secondary to infection by the virus. Apparently healthy bees from Canada and Italy were infected with the virus of acute paralysis, as they are in Britain.