Temperature relations of teneral development and behaviour in Aphis fabae Scop.

The word'teneral'has been used to describe alate insects at about this time, although its usage varies between different orders. It has already been applied to the aphids with which this paper is mainly concerned, and it is convenient to adopt the name here and discuss its several meanings later. When teneral development is complete, flight may still be prevented, or delayed, by behaviour in response to physical factors such as temperature and light, and to biological factors such as the presence of adjacent insects. RESP-3800