{ "profile": "tabular-data-package", "resources": [ { "name": "vqba", "path": "vqba.csv", "profile": "tabular-data-resource", "format": "csv", "mediatype": "text/csv", "encoding": "utf-8", "schema": { "fields": [ { "name": "Observation_event", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Observation_event", "description": "Number of the event (1-20). Each event was assessed by each Assessment_method.", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Assessment_method", "type": "string", "format": "NA", "title": "Assessment_method", "description": "Factor, 2 levels: Live and Video. Indicates whether the assessment method was carried out with the assessor in the barn (VBA) or watching a video of the barn (Q-VBA).", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Assessor", "type": "string", "format": "NA", "title": "Assessor", "description": "Factor, 2 levels: Person A and Person B. The person who made the QBA or V-QBA assessment.", "rdfType": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C51824", "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Active", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Active", "description": "Assessment score for how active the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was ACTIVE :The state of doing something that requires movement, even if that is just chewing or grooming. The more continuous and pronounced the movement, the more active.", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Agitated", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Agitated ", "description": "Assessment score for how agitated the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was AGITATED: Behaviours of any animals being altered due to non-self-factors (e.g. other cattle, human presence).", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Apathetic", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Apathetic", "description": "Assessment score for how apathetic the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was APATHETIC: More severe than indifferent, animals ignoring / not responding to things that you would expect them to typically react to and/or not noticing stimuli they would be expected to.\n", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Bored", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Bored", "description": "Assessment score for how bored the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was BORED: A lack of being positively occupied (though not necessarily negatively occupied) and/or lack of positive stimuli. ", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Calm", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Calm", "description": "Assessment score for how calm the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was CALM: An absence of stressors, fear, and frantic or irrational behaviour.", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Content", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Content", "description": "Assessment score for how content the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was CONTENT: A state in which the animals are free from stressors and able to perform the behaviours they want to at their own leisure without fear or inhibition.\n", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Friendly", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Friendly", "description": "Assessment score for how friendly the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was FRIENDLY: Direct positive interaction with other animals. For example, grooming, playing, sharing food.\n", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Happy", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Happy", "description": "Assessment score for how happy the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was HAPPY: More positive than content and calm (e.g. the absence of stressors), the derivation of pleasure received from the environment and behaviour and the presence and reception of positive stimuli.", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Indifferent", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Indifferent", "description": "Assessment score for how indifferent the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was INDIFFERENT (negative): Animals not actively responding to variations in their environment. They may notice and watch, but not react (e.g. get up and move).", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Inquisitive", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Inquisitive", "description": "Assessment score for how inquisitive the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was INQUISITIVE: The investigation of stimuli and objects (inc. live objects) in their environment.", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Irritable", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Irritable", "description": "Assessment score for how irritable the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was IRRITABLE: Sensitivity and annoyance by potential stressors (e.g. other animals, their environment disrupting them).", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Lively", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Lively", "description": "Assessment score for how lively the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was LIVELY: This is stronger than active, all lively animals are active, but not all active animals are lively. The strongest signs of liveliness are actions such as trotting, running, jumping/bucking.", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Playful", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Playful", "description": "Assessment score for how playful the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was PLAYFUL: Positive interaction with objects or animals for enjoyment purposes.", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Postively occupied", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Postively occupied", "description": "Assessment score for how positively occupied the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was POSITIVELY OCCUPIED: Performing behaviours which are positive to their welfare and general maintenance (e.g. eating, sleeping, drinking).", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Relaxed", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Relaxed", "description": "Assessment score for how relaxed the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was RELAXED: Feeling comfortable and safe, with minimal stress and unwanted exertion.", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Sociable", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Sociable", "description": "Assessment score for how sociable the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was SOCIABLE: This is more general than friendly. One example might be if animals chose to feed next to each other, opposed to being spread out, or if they all sleep close together. It is also the synchronicity and cohesion of behaviour.", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" }, { "name": "Uneasy", "type": "integer", "format": "NA", "title": "Uneasy", "description": "Assessment score for how uneasy the group of 30 cattle were on a scale of 0 (complete absence of this characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). The definition of the behaviour that the assessors used was UNEASY / CALMLESS: Animals seeming to be nervous and not calm. For example, if they are stopping behaviour to keep watch on something or if they are jumpy/sensitive to noise and movement.", "rdfType": null, "units": "N/A" } ] } } ], "title": "Comparison of in-person qualitative behaviour assessment (QBA) and video qualitative behaviour assessments (V-QBA) of beef cattle", "description": "The objective of the study was to compare Qualitative Behaviour Assessments (QBA) conducted in person/live with those conducted by video (V-QBA). The livestock used in this assessment were two groups of 30 finishing suckler beef cattle. Forty live QBA events were carried out between 20th November 2019 and 18th March 2020, with 2 assessors performing 20 each. The same assessor watched video footage of the time period of the live assessment a minimum of one month later, and repeated the QBA.\nThe cattle from this dataset were reared on the North Wyke Farm Platform, a National Bioscience Research Infrastructure. The North Wyke Farm Platform is data rich and highly documented, and details about the farmlets and livestock can be found in the related information. There is also a lot of related data available on the North Wyke Farm Platform data portal (https://nwfp.rothamsted.ac.uk/), which is free to use after registration. \nThe objective of the study was to compare Qualitative Behaviour Assessments (QBA) conducted in person/live with those conducted by video (V-QBA). The livestock used in this assessment were two groups of 30 finishing suckler beef cattle, weaned a week before the start of the observation period. Comparing the two groups was not an objective of the study and the groups are not identified in the data. Cattle were housed in a barn for the winter, fitted with 4 CCTV cameras placed 4.3 m above the ground and on 3 different walls of the barn. One of the cameras gave a similar view to that gained by the in-person QBA assessor. The barn dimensions and the in-person and camera observation points can be seen in Figure 1 of https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.832239. \nForty live QBA events were carried out between 20th November 2019 and 18th March 2020, with 2 assessors performing 20 each. The assessors had received the same training and had similar experience around cattle; inter-observer reliability was high (0.779 - 0.871), details of which can be found in Supplementary Material C of https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.832239. During the live QBA events, assessors made the minimum of noise or movement so as not to disturb the cattle. Once any behavioural effect resulting from the assessors entrance had subsided, a 10-minute observation period began. As soon as this period finished, assessors filled out observation forms. A minimum of one month later, assessors were given video footage of the cattle covering the same time period as the initial assessment, with the 4 videos of the different angles of the barn formed into a collage, so that the assessor could view them all simultaneously. The assessor then carried out the QBA in the same way as before. \nThe assessors rated the cattle behaviour as a group for 20 characteristics, both positive and negative, using definitions derived and adapted from the Welfare Quality protocol for cattle (2009; Lelystad, Netherlands: Welfare Quality Consortium). Scoring resulted in a numerical value between zero (complete absence of that characteristic) to 125 (observed to the greatest realistic extent possible). Definitions of the characteristics, as used by the assessors, can be found in Column_units_and_definitions.csv or Supplementary Material A of https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.832239. \nThree of the measured characteristics were removed from the dataset as these were not used. Distressed and Fearful both had a score of zero in all instances, and Frustrated had a score of zero most of the time (65/80 assessments). ", "creators": [ { "creatorName": "Andrew S Cooke", "nameIdentifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2225-1890", "schemeURI": "https://orcid.org/", "affiliation": "Rothamsted Research, UK", "affiliationIdentifier": "https://ror.org/0347fy350", "affiliationIdentifierScheme": "ROR" }, { "creatorName": "Charlie Morten", "nameIdentifier": null, "schemeURI": null, "affiliation": "Rothamsted Research, UK", "affiliationIdentifier": "https://ror.org/0347fy350", "affiliationIdentifierScheme": "ROR" }, { "creatorName": "Joanna Hockenhull", "nameIdentifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9224-7304", "schemeURI": "https://orcid.org/", "affiliation": null, "affiliationIdentifier": null, "affiliationIdentifierScheme": null }, { "creatorName": "Siobhan Mullan", "nameIdentifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3166-6396", "schemeURI": "https://orcid.org/", "affiliation": "University College Dublin, Ireland", "affiliationIdentifier": "https://ror.org/05m7pjf47", "affiliationIdentifierScheme": null }, { "creatorName": "Michael R. F. Lee", "nameIdentifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7451-5611", "schemeURI": "https://orcid.org/", "affiliation": "Harper Adams University, UK", "affiliationIdentifier": "https://ror.org/00z20c921", "affiliationIdentifierScheme": "ROR" }, { "creatorName": "Laura M. Cardenas", "nameIdentifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4401-9163", "schemeURI": "https://orcid.org/", "affiliation": "Rothamsted Research, UK", "affiliationIdentifier": "https://ror.org/0347fy350", "affiliationIdentifierScheme": null }, { "creatorName": "M. Jordana Rivero", "nameIdentifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-289X", "schemeURI": "https://orcid.org/", "affiliation": "Rothamsted Research, UK", "affiliationIdentifier": "https://ror.org/0347fy350", "affiliationIdentifierScheme": "ROR" } ], "contributors": [ { "contributorName": "Tegan Darch", "nameIdentifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-043X", "schemeURI": "https://orcid.org/", "affiliation": "Rothamsted Research, UK", "affiliationIdentifier": "https://ror.org/0347fy350", "affiliationIdentifierScheme": "ROR" } ], "relatedIdentifiers": [ { "relatedIdentifier": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.832239", "relatedIdentifierType": "DOI", "relationType": "HasMetadata", "resourceTypeGeneral": "JournalArticle" }, { "relatedIdentifier": "https://doi.org/10.23637/rothamsted.98y1x", "relatedIdentifierType": "DOI", "relationType": "HasMetadata", "resourceTypeGeneral": "Report" }, { "relatedIdentifier": "https://doi.org/10.23637/rothamsted.98y50", "relatedIdentifierType": "DOI", "relationType": "HasMetadata", "resourceTypeGeneral": "Report" }, { "relatedIdentifier": "https://nwfp.rothamsted.ac.uk/", "relatedIdentifierType": "URL", "relationType": "IsSupplementTo", "resourceTypeGeneral": "Dataset" } ], "keywords": ["Animal welfare", "Animal behaviour", "QBA", "Qualitative behaviour analysis", "Cattle", "Livestock", "Agriculture", "Zoology"], "licenses": { "name": "CC BY 4.0 ", "path": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "title": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International" } }