Semiochemical applications for managing the grey field slug (Deroceras reticulatum Müller), a major pest of arable crops

The grey field slug (Deroceras reticulatum) is a globally important gastropod pest of arable crops. The withdrawal of synthetic chemical molluscicides due to human health and environmental concerns has prompted research into other control methods. Particular attention has focussed on behaviour-modifying chemicals (semiochemicals), most of which are derived from plants and other natural sources and include attractants, repellents and deterrents. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the use of semiochemicals in managing D. reticulatum and discusses their potential for use in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. We reviewed trends in research publications on semiochemicals in relation to synthetic molluscicides and biological control methods. Besides the identification of promising plant-based candidate semiochemicals, plants with attractant properties were identified for use as trap crops. These could be used with the main crop treated with repellents in “push-pull” IPM programmes. Extracts from plants as well as predators and entomopathogenic fungi have shown promise against grey field slugs by inducing avoidance, antifeeding behaviour or even mortality, thereby reducing crop damage. Elucidation of the structure and mode of action of specific chemical compounds responsible for slug attraction or repulsion could lead to the development of new products for management of the grey field slug.