Development of a micro-sward technique for determining intake characteristics of perennial ryegrass varieties

Orr, R. J., Young, K. L., Cook, J. E. and Champion, R. A. 2005. Development of a micro-sward technique for determining intake characteristics of perennial ryegrass varieties. Euphytica. 141 (1-2), pp. 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-5365-y

Authors	Orr, R. J., Young, K. L., Cook, J. E. and Champion, R. A.
Year of Publication	2005
Journal	Euphytica
Journal citation	141 (1-2), pp. 65-73
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-5365-y
Open access	Published as non-open access
Funder	Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
Funder project or code	Behavioural and Community Ecology (BCE)
	Project: 2420 4040
	Project: LS 3621
Publisher's version	Orr2005_Article_DevelopmentOfAMicro-swardTechn.pdf
ISSN	0014-2336
Publisher	Springer

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Intake characteristics of perennial ryegrass varieties when grazed by sheep under continuous stocking management.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Orr, R. J., Cook, J. E., Champion, R. A., Penning, P. D. and Rook, A. J. 2003. Intake characteristics of perennial ryegrass varieties when grazed by sheep under continuous stocking management. Euphytica. 134 (3), pp. 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EUPH.0000004949.49050.78

A radio bolus to monitor rumen pH and temperature in cattle

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Champion, R. A. and Evans, R. T. 2002. A radio bolus to monitor rumen pH and temperature in cattle. Abstract Proceedings European Intake Workshop X, Reykjavik, Iceland, 22-24 August 2002.

Use of electronic animal identification in an operant conditioning system for grazing sheep

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Cook, J. E., Champion, R. A. and Rook, A. J. 2002. Use of electronic animal identification in an operant conditioning system for grazing sheep. Abstract Proceedings European Intake Workshop X, Reykjavik, Iceland, 22-24 August 2002.

Intake and dietary choices by grazing ruminants, effects of time of day and water soluble carbohydrate content in forage

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Rook, A. J., Orr, R. J., Rutter, S. M. and Moorby, J. M. 2002. Intake and dietary choices by grazing ruminants, effects of time of day and water soluble carbohydrate content in forage. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, Nov 11-14 2002.

The effect of a total solar eclipse on the grazing behaviour of dairy cattle

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Rutter, S. M., Tainton, V., Champion, R. A. and Le Grice, P. 2002. The effect of a total solar eclipse on the grazing behaviour of dairy cattle. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 79 (4), pp. 273-283.

Ingestive behaviour of heifers grazing monocultures of ryegrass or white clover

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Rutter, S. M., Orr, R. J., Penning, P. D., Yarrow, N. H. and Champion, R. A. 2002. Ingestive behaviour of heifers grazing monocultures of ryegrass or white clover. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 76 (1), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(01)00205-2

Effect of long-term changes in relative resource availability on dietary preference of sheep for perennial ryegrass and white clover

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Rook, A. J., Harvey, A., Parsons, A. J., Penning, P. D. and Orr, R. J. 2002. Effect of long-term changes in relative resource availability on dietary preference of sheep for perennial ryegrass and white clover. Grass and Forage Science. 57 (1), pp. 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2002.00301.x

Ingestive behaviour and management of animals at pasture

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Gibb, M. J., Orr, R. J., Rutter, S. M. and Huckle, C. A. 2001. Ingestive behaviour and management of animals at pasture. Wade, M. H. (ed.) Manejo del Pastoreo. Meeting of the Argentinean Association of Animal Production, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Argentina, November 2001.

Evaluation of perennial ryegrass varieties under frequent cutting or continuous stocking with sheep

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Orr, R. J., Martyn, T. M. and Clements, R. O. 2001. Evaluation of perennial ryegrass varieties under frequent cutting or continuous stocking with sheep. International Journal of Plant Varieties and Seeds. 14, pp. 181-199.

Low-input heifer beef

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Orr, R. J. 2001. Low-input heifer beef. Mole Livestock Initiative Update. 2 (July), p. p2.

Fast maturing Charolais cross Holstein heifers come up trumps

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Orr, R. J. and Snaith, L. 2001. Fast maturing Charolais cross Holstein heifers come up trumps. Farmers Guardian. (6 April), p. p1.

Practice into profit with low input dairy bred Charolais crosses

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Orr, R. J. and Snaith, L. 2001. Practice into profit with low input dairy bred Charolais crosses. (6).

Preference for grass and clover by dairy cattle: is free choice important?

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Rutter, S. M., Nuthall, R., Champion, R. A., Orr, R. J. and Rook, A. J. 2001. Preference for grass and clover by dairy cattle: is free choice important? Garner, J. P., Mench, J. A. and Heekin, S. P. (ed.) 35th International Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology (ISAE), Davis, California, USA, 4-8 August 2001. pp. 039

Intake rate during meals and meal duration for sheep in different hunger states, grazing grass or white clover swards

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Orr, R. J., Penning, P. D., Rutter, S. M., Champion, R. A., Harvey, A. and Rook, A. J. 2001. Intake rate during meals and meal duration for sheep in different hunger states, grazing grass or white clover swards. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 75, pp. 33-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(01)00176-9

Intake characteristics and performance of contrasting grass varieties continuously stocked with sheep

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Orr, R. J., Cook, J. E., Champion, R. A. and Rook, A. J. 2001. Intake characteristics and performance of contrasting grass varieties continuously stocked with sheep. Gomide, J. A., Mattos, W. R. S. and Carneiro da Silva, S. (ed.) Grassland Ecosystems: an Outlook into the 21st Century. Proceedings 19th International Grassland Congress, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 10-21 February 2001. Theme 13: Plant Improvement. pp. 529-530

Methane production by sheep in relation to temporal changes in grazing behaviour

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Lockyer, D. R. and Champion, R. A. 2001. Methane production by sheep in relation to temporal changes in grazing behaviour. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 86 (3), pp. 237-246.

Matching grass supply to grazing patterns for dairy cows

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Orr, R. J., Rutter, S. M., Penning, P. D. and Rook, A. J. 2001. Matching grass supply to grazing patterns for dairy cows. Grass and Forage Science. 56 (4), pp. 352-361. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2001.00284.x

A new approach to the evaluation of herbage varieties under grazing

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Orr, R. J. 2000. A new approach to the evaluation of herbage varieties under grazing.

Making a profit from grassland

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Orr, R. J. and Trewin, C. 2000. Making a profit from grassland. Western Morning News (Devon). (26 July).

Clover enriched herbage boosts margins

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Orr, R. J. and King, G. 2000. Clover enriched herbage boosts margins. Farming News. (20 July), p. p19.

Benefits from using clover

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Orr, R. J. and Newton, K. 2000. Benefits from using clover. Farmers Guardian. (4 August), p. p11.

Assessing grass variety performance under sheep grazing

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Orr, R. J. 2000. Assessing grass variety performance under sheep grazing. Sheep Dairy News - Journal of the Sheep Dairying Association. 17, pp. 15-18.

Updates to the Graze program: movement analysis and compatibility with "The Observer"

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Champion, R. A. and Rutter, S. M. 2000. Updates to the Graze program: movement analysis and compatibility with "The Observer". 3rd International Conference on Methods and Techniques in Behavioral Research, Nijmegen, August 2000. pp. 39-41

Key to low input production

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Orr, R. J. 2000. Key to low input production. Beef Farmer. Summer, pp. 26-28.

Practice into profit: low-input heifer beef production

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Yarrow, N. H., Orr, R. J. and Shields, R. W. 2000. Practice into profit: low-input heifer beef production. Pullar, D. (ed.) Beef from Grass and Forage. British Grassland Society, Winter Meeting, Stafford, November 2000. British Grassland Society Occasional Symposium, 35. pp. 173-174

Ingestive behaviour of dairy heifers grazing grass or white clover swards under rotational stocking management

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Orr, R. J., Rutter, S. M., Penning, P. D., Yarrow, N. H., Champion, R. A. and Rook, A. J. 2000. Ingestive behaviour of dairy heifers grazing grass or white clover swards under rotational stocking management. Proceedings 6th British Grassland Society Research Conference, Aberdeen, 11-13 September 2000. pp. 41-42

Evaluation of herbage varieties under continuous stocking

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Orr, R. J., Cook, J. E., Atkinson, L. D., Clements, R. O. and Martyn, T. M. 2000. Evaluation of herbage varieties under continuous stocking. Rook, A. J. and Penning, P. D. (ed.) Grazing Management: the Principles and Practice of Grazing, for Profit and Environmental Gain, within Temperate Grassland Systems. British Grassland Society (BGS) Occasional Symposium, 34, Harrogate, 29 February - 2 March 2000. British Grassland Society (BGS) Hurley. pp. 39-44

Intake rate, grazing time and daily intake by sheep grazing perennial ryegrass varieties under continuous stocking management

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Cook, J. E., Champion, R. A., Orr, R. J. and Rook, A. J. 2000. Intake rate, grazing time and daily intake by sheep grazing perennial ryegrass varieties under continuous stocking management. Proceedings 6th British Grassland Society Research Conference, Aberdeen, 11-13 September 2000. pp. 67-68

Methane emissions from sheep: influence of behaviour

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Murray, P. J., Champion, R. A. and Kimber, N. 2000. Methane emissions from sheep: influence of behaviour. Proceedings 6th British Grassland Society Research Conference, Aberdeen, 11-13 September 2000. pp. 115-116

The behaviour of cows following a total solar eclipse: shedding new light on the control of diurnal patterns of grazing behaviour

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Rutter, S. M., Tainton, V., Champion, R. A., Eddison, J. C. and LeGrice, P. 2000. The behaviour of cows following a total solar eclipse: shedding new light on the control of diurnal patterns of grazing behaviour. Ramos, A., Filho, L. C. P. M. and Hotzel, M. J. (ed.) 34th International Congress of the International Society of Applied Ethology (ISAE), Florianopolis, Brazil, 17-20 October 2000. pp. 190

Dietary preference for grass and white clover in sheep and cattle: an overview

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Rutter, S. M. and Orr, R. J. 2000. Dietary preference for grass and white clover in sheep and cattle: an overview. Rook, A. J. and Penning, P. D. (ed.) Grazing Management: the Principles and Practice of Grazing, for Profit and Environmental Gain, within Temperate Grassland Systems. British Grassland Society (BGS) Occasional Symposium, 34, Harrogate, 29 February - 2 March 2000. British Grassland Society (BGS) Hurley. pp. 73-78

Dietary preference of sheep for perennial ryegrass and white clover at contrasting sward surface heights

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Harvey, A., Parsons, A. J., Rook, A. J., Penning, P. D. and Orr, R. J. 2000. Dietary preference of sheep for perennial ryegrass and white clover at contrasting sward surface heights. Grass and Forage Science. 55 (3), pp. 242-252. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2000.00222.x

The assessment of quality - grazing and intake

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Orr, R. J. 1999. The assessment of quality - grazing and intake. Novel Material and the Assessment of Quality, Quality Feeds Theme Development Group Workshop IGER, Aberystwyth, 12 January 1999.

Matching food supply to animals' natural meal patterns

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Rook, A. J., Gibb, M. J. and Orr, R. J. 1999. Matching food supply to animals' natural meal patterns. Fifth International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 11-16 April 1999.

Long-term dietary preference for grass and clover in dairy cows

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Rutter, S. M., Orr, R. J., Yarrow, N. H., Champion, R. A., Atkinson, L. D. and Cook, J. E. 1999. Long-term dietary preference for grass and clover in dairy cows. Fifth International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 11-16 April 1999.

How do cattle and sheep alter ingestive behaviour in response to changes in sward state?

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Penning, P. D., Orr, R. J., Parsons, A. J. and Harvey, A. 1999. How do cattle and sheep alter ingestive behaviour in response to changes in sward state? Buchanan-Smith, J. G., Bailey, L. D. and McCaughey, P. (ed.) Grasslands 2000, Proceedings of the XVIII International Grassland Congress, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, 8-17 June 1997 (Vol 1). Canadian Forage Council, Can Soc Agron, Can Soc Anim Sci.

Efficient use of grazed herbage by dairy cows

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Orr, R. J. 1998. Efficient use of grazed herbage by dairy cows. Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research IGER, North Wyke Okehampton.

The effect of journey structure on the welfare of lambs

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Murray, K. C., Eddison, K. C., Cullinane, S. L., Kirk, J. A., Rutter, S. M. and Champion, R. A. 1998. The effect of journey structure on the welfare of lambs. Veissier, I. and Boissy, A. (ed.) Proceedings of the 32nd International Congress of the International Society of Applied Ethology (ISAE), Clermont-Ferrand, France, 21-25 July 1998.

Techniques for measuring bite dimensions and movement patterns within and between grazing bouts for cattle and sheep

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Harvey, A. and Orr, R. J. 1998. Techniques for measuring bite dimensions and movement patterns within and between grazing bouts for cattle and sheep. Gibb, M. J. (ed.) Techniques for Investigating Intake and Ingestive Behaviour by Farm Animals, Proceedings of the Ninth European Intake Workshop, IGER North Wyke, UK, 18-20 November 1998. Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, IGER, Aberystwyth. pp. 79-80

Recent developments with the IGER behaviour recorder

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Champion, R. A., Rutter, S. M. and Delagarde, R. 1998. Recent developments with the IGER behaviour recorder. Gibb, M. J. (ed.) Techniques for Investigating Intake and Ingestive Behaviour by Farm Animals, Proceedings of the Ninth European Intake Workshop, IGER North Wyke, UK, 18-20 November 1998. Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, IGER, Aberystwyth. pp. 31-34

Movement patterns of sheep and cattle within and between continuous short-term grazing bouts

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Harvey, A., Parsons, A. J., Orr, R. J., Rutter, S. M. and Rook, A. J. 1998. Movement patterns of sheep and cattle within and between continuous short-term grazing bouts. Veissier, I. and Boissy, A. (ed.) Proceedings of the 32nd International Congress of the International Society of Applied Ethology (ISAE), Clermont-Ferrand, France, 21-25 July 1998.

Matching grass supply to grazing patterns for dairy cows under strip-grazing management

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Orr, R. J., Rutter, S. M., Penning, P. D., Yarrow, N. H., Atkinson, L. D. and Champion, R. A. 1998. Matching grass supply to grazing patterns for dairy cows under strip-grazing management. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science Winter Meeting, Scarborough, UK, 23-25 March 1998. BSAS, Penicuik, UK. pp. 49

Dietary preference of dairy cows grazing grass and clover

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Rutter, S. M., Orr, R. J., Penning, P. D., Yarrow, N. H., Champion, R. A. and Atkinson, L. D. 1998. Dietary preference of dairy cows grazing grass and clover. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science Winter Meeting, Scarborough, UK, 23-25 March 1998. BSAS, Penicuik, UK. pp. 51

Costs of locomotive and ingestive behaviour by sheep grazing grass or clover monocultures or mixtures of the two species

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Champion, R. A., Rutter, S. M., Orr, R. J. and Penning, P. D. 1998. Costs of locomotive and ingestive behaviour by sheep grazing grass or clover monocultures or mixtures of the two species. Veissier, I. and Boissy, A. (ed.) Proceedings of the 32nd International Congress of the International Society of Applied Ethology (ISAE), Clermont-Ferrand, France, 21-25 July 1998.

Behavioural and physiological factors limiting intake by grazing ruminants

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Penning, P. D., Gibb, M. J., Parsons, A. J., Orr, R. J. and Harvey, A. 1998. Behavioural and physiological factors limiting intake by grazing ruminants. Keane, M. G. and O'Riordan, E. (ed.) Extensification of Beef and Sheep Production on Grasslands, Proceedings of Pasture Ecology and Animal Intake Groups Joint Meeting, St Patrick's College, Drumcondra, Dublin, Ireland, 24-25 September 1996. pp. 10-20

Sward state and ingestive behaviour by Friesian dairy heifers under rotational grazing

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Orr, R. J., Rutter, S. M., Penning, P. D., Yarrow, N. H. and Champion, R. A. 1997. Sward state and ingestive behaviour by Friesian dairy heifers under rotational grazing. British Grassland Society (BGS) Fifth Research Conference, Seale Hayne Faculty of Agriculture Food & Land Use, University of Plymouth, Newton Abbot, Devon, 8-10 September 1997. British Grassland Society (BGS) Hurley. pp. 51-52

Rates of passage of digesta in sheep grazing grass or white clover

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Kelly, C. L., Penning, P. D., Orr, R. J. and Champion, R. A. 1997. Rates of passage of digesta in sheep grazing grass or white clover. British Grassland Society (BGS) Fifth Research Conference, Seale Hayne Faculty of Agriculture Food & Land Use, University of Plymouth, Newton Abbot, Devon, 8-10 September 1997. British Grassland Society (BGS) Hurley. pp. 181-182

Grazing behaviour of ruminants

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Gibb, M. J. and Orr, R. J. 1997. Grazing behaviour of ruminants. IGER Innovations. 1, pp. 54-57.

Does supplementation with different feed types alter the preference by grazing ewes for grass and clover?

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Harvey, A., Orr, R. J. and Penning, P. D. 1997. Does supplementation with different feed types alter the preference by grazing ewes for grass and clover? British Grassland Society (BGS) Fifth Research Conference, Seale Hayne Faculty of Agriculture Food & Land Use, University of Plymouth, Newton Abbot, Devon, 8-10 September 1997. British Grassland Society (BGS) Hurley. pp. 177-178

Diurnal patterns of intake rate by sheep grazing monocultures of ryegrass or white clover

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Orr, R. J., Penning, P. D., Harvey, A. and Champion, R. A. 1997. Diurnal patterns of intake rate by sheep grazing monocultures of ryegrass or white clover. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 52, pp. 65-77.

Distinguishing bites and chews in recordings of the grazing jaw movements of cattle

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Champion, R. A., Rutter, S. M. and Orr, R. J. 1997. Distinguishing bites and chews in recordings of the grazing jaw movements of cattle. British Grassland Society (BGS) Fifth Research Conference, Seale Hayne Faculty of Agriculture Food & Land Use, University of Plymouth, Newton Abbot, Devon, 8-10 September 1997. British Grassland Society (BGS) Hurley. pp. 171-172

Dietary preferences of domestic ruminants

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Rutter, S. M., Penning, P. D., Parsons, A. J., Harvey, A. and Orr, R. J. 1997. Dietary preferences of domestic ruminants. Forbes, J. M., Lawrence, T. L. J., Rodway, R. G. and Varley, M. A. (ed.) Animal Choices, British Society of Animal Science Occasional Publication No 20. BSAS, Edinburgh. pp. 96-97

Diet preferences of adult sheep and goats grazing ryegrass and white clover

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penning, P. D., Newman, J. A., Parsons, A. J., Harvey, A. and Orr, R. J. 1997. Diet preferences of adult sheep and goats grazing ryegrass and white clover. Small Ruminant Research. 24, pp. 175-184. https://doi.org/10.1051/animres:19950583

Bite dimensions and grazing severity for cattle and sheep

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Orr, R. J., Harvey, A., Kelly, C. L. and Penning, P. D. 1997. Bite dimensions and grazing severity for cattle and sheep. British Grassland Society (BGS) Fifth Research Conference, Seale Hayne Faculty of Agriculture Food & Land Use, University of Plymouth, Newton Abbot, Devon, 8-10 September 1997. British Grassland Society (BGS) Hurley. pp. 185-186

An automatic system to record foraging behaviour in free-ranging ruminants

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Rutter, S. M., Champion, R. A. and Penning, P. D. 1997. An automatic system to record foraging behaviour in free-ranging ruminants. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 54 (2-3), pp. 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1591(96)01191-4

An automatic system to monitor lying, standing and walking behaviour of grazing animals

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Champion, R. A., Rutter, S. M. and Penning, P. D. 1997. An automatic system to monitor lying, standing and walking behaviour of grazing animals. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 54, pp. 291-305.

An algorithm for the automatic processing of recordings of foraging behaviour by cattle

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Rutter, S. M., Penning, P. D., Rook, A. J., Orr, R. J., Gibb, M. J., Champion, R. A. and Huckle, C. A. 1997. An algorithm for the automatic processing of recordings of foraging behaviour by cattle. Hemsworth, P. and Spinka, M. (ed.) Proceedings of the 31st International Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology, Prague, Czech Republic, 13-16 August 1997. pp. 216

Foraging behaviour of free ranging domestic ruminants

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Rutter, S. M., Penning, P. D., Parsons, A. J., Harvey, A. and Orr, R. J. 1996. Foraging behaviour of free ranging domestic ruminants. Mini-symposium on diet selection in animals and man, Grassmere, Cumbria, 1-4 July 1996.

Why can't dairy heifers graze clover quicker than grass?

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Rutter, S. M., Penning, P. D., Champion, R. A. and Orr, R. J. 1996. Why can't dairy heifers graze clover quicker than grass? Duncan, I. J. H., Widowski, T. M. and Haley, D. B. (ed.) Proceedings of the 30th International Congress of the International Society of Applied Ethology (ISAE), Col K L Campbell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 14-17 August 1996. University of Guelph, Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare. pp. 134

The effects of spatial aggregation of grass and clover swards grazed by sheep on diet and sward composition

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Harvey, A. and Orr, R. J. 1996. The effects of spatial aggregation of grass and clover swards grazed by sheep on diet and sward composition. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 112th Meeting, Scarborough, 18-20 March 1996.

The effects of grass nitrogen status on the preference by sheep grazing ryegrass and white clover

B - Book chapters etc edited externally

Harvey, A., Orr, R. J., Parsons, A. J., Penning, P. D. and Vincent, J. F. V. 1996. The effects of grass nitrogen status on the preference by sheep grazing ryegrass and white clover. in: Younie, D. (ed.) Legumes in Sustainable Farming Systems, British Grassland Society Occasional Symposium No 30 (Proceedings of joint conference of BGS and SFS Initiative, SAC, Craibstone, Aberdeen, 2-4 September 1996) British Grassland Society (BGS) Hurley. pp. 227-229

Techniques to measure behaviour automatically in grazing herbivores

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Penning, P. D., Rutter, S. M. and Champion, R. A. 1996. Techniques to measure behaviour automatically in grazing herbivores. Measuring Behaviour '96, Utrecht, the Netherlands, 16-18 October 1996. pp. 76

Grazing behaviour and herbage intake rate by Friesian dairy heifers grazing ryegrass or white clover

B - Book chapters etc edited externally

Orr, R. J., Rutter, S. M., Penning, P. D., Yarrow, N. H. and Champion, R. A. 1996. Grazing behaviour and herbage intake rate by Friesian dairy heifers grazing ryegrass or white clover. in: Younie, D. (ed.) Legumes in Sustainable Farming Systems, British Grassland Society Occasional Symposium No 30 (Proceedings of joint conference of BGS and SFS Initiative, SAC, Craibstone, Aberdeen, 2-4 September 1996) British Grassland Society (BGS) Hurley. pp. 221-224

Effects of continuous stocking with sheep or goats on sward composition and animal production from a grass and white clover pasture

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penning, P. D., Johnson, R. H. and Orr, R. J. 1996. Effects of continuous stocking with sheep or goats on sward composition and animal production from a grass and white clover pasture. Small Ruminant Research. 21, pp. 19-29.

Dietary preference of sheep for grass and clover at contrasting sward surface heights

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Harvey, A. and Orr, R. J. 1996. Dietary preference of sheep for grass and clover at contrasting sward surface heights. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 112th Meeting, Scarborough, 18-20 March 1996.

Automatic recording of various aspects of foraging behaviour

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Rutter, S. M., Champion, R. A. and Penning, P. D. 1996. Automatic recording of various aspects of foraging behaviour. Fourth International Symposium on Nutrition of Herbivores - Satellite on Ruminant Use of Fodder Resources in Warm Countries, 7-9 September 1995, Montpellier, France.

A system to record automatically foraging behaviour in free-ranging herbivores

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Rutter, S. M., Champion, R. A. and Penning, P. D. 1996. A system to record automatically foraging behaviour in free-ranging herbivores. Measuring Behaviour '96, Utrecht, the Netherlands, 16-18 October 1996. pp. 88

The role of learning and experience in the development of dietary choice by sheep and goats

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Orr, R. J., Penning, P. D., Parsons, A. J., Harvey, A. and Newman, J. A. 1995. The role of learning and experience in the development of dietary choice by sheep and goats. Fourth International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores, 11-15 September 1995, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

The preference of adult sheep and goats grazing ryegrass and white clover

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Penning, P. D., Newman, J. A., Parsons, A. J., Harvey, A. and Orr, R. J. 1995. The preference of adult sheep and goats grazing ryegrass and white clover. Fourth International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores, 11-15 September 1995, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Intake and behaviour responses by sheep, in different physiological states, when grazing monocultures of grass or white clover

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penning, P. D., Parsons, A. J., Orr, R. J., Harvey, A. and Champion, R. A. 1995. Intake and behaviour responses by sheep, in different physiological states, when grazing monocultures of grass or white clover. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 45, pp. 63-78.

Herbage intake rates and grazing behaviour of sheep and goats grazing grass or white clover

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Penning, P. D., Orr, R. J., Parsons, A. J., Harvey, A. and Newman, J. A. 1995. Herbage intake rates and grazing behaviour of sheep and goats grazing grass or white clover. Fourth International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores, 11-15 September 1995, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Herbage intake and N excretion by sheep grazing monocultures or a mixture of grass and white clover

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Orr, R. J., Penning, P. D., Parsons, A. J. and Champion, R. A. 1995. Herbage intake and N excretion by sheep grazing monocultures or a mixture of grass and white clover. Grass and Forage Science. 50 (1), pp. 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1995.tb02291.x

Dietary preference of heifers for grass or clover, with and without romensin slow-release anti-bloat boluses

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Penning, P. D., Parsons, A. J., Orr, R. J., Harvey, A. and Yarrow, N. H. 1995. Dietary preference of heifers for grass or clover, with and without romensin slow-release anti-bloat boluses. Proceedings of the 111th Meeting of the British Society of Animal Science, Scarborough, 20-22 March 1995.

Intake behaviour and production responses by sheep, in different physiological states, grazing monocultures of grass or white clover

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Penning, P. D., Parsons, A. J., Orr, R. J. and Harvey, A. 1994. Intake behaviour and production responses by sheep, in different physiological states, grazing monocultures of grass or white clover. Abstracts 45th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, EAAP, Edinburgh, September 1994. pp. 281

The effect of concentrate level on the intakes of silages or hays by ewes in the first month of lactation

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Orr, R. J. and Treacher, T. T. 1994. The effect of concentrate level on the intakes of silages or hays by ewes in the first month of lactation. Animal Production. 58, pp. 109-116.

Temporal variation in grazing behaviour of sheep and the reliability of sampling periods

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Champion, R. A., Rutter, S. M., Penning, P. D. and Rook, A. J. 1994. Temporal variation in grazing behaviour of sheep and the reliability of sampling periods. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 42, pp. 99-108.

Intake and behaviour responses by sheep to changes in sward characteristics under rotational grazing

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penning, P. D., Parsons, A. J., Orr, R. J. and Hooper, J. E. 1994. Intake and behaviour responses by sheep to changes in sward characteristics under rotational grazing. Grass and Forage Science. 49 (4), pp. 476-486. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1994.tb02025.x

Fasting affects intake behaviour and diet preference of grazing sheep

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Newman, J. A., Penning, P. D., Parsons, A. J., Harvey, A. and Orr, R. J. 1994. Fasting affects intake behaviour and diet preference of grazing sheep. Animal Behaviour. 47, pp. 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1021

Diurnal patterns of ingestive behaviour by sheep

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Orr, R. J., Harvey, A. and Champion, R. A. 1994. Diurnal patterns of ingestive behaviour by sheep. Fourth British Grassland Society (BGS) Research Conference, 26-28 September 1994, Reading University.

Diet preference of sheep: effects of recent diet, physiological state and species abundance

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Parsons, A. J., Newman, J. A., Penning, P. D., Harvey, A. and Orr, R. J. 1994. Diet preference of sheep: effects of recent diet, physiological state and species abundance. Journal of Animal Ecology. 63, pp. 465-478. https://doi.org/10.2307/5563

A solid state grazing behaviour recording system

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Champion, R. A., Rutter, S. M. and Penning, P. D. 1994. A solid state grazing behaviour recording system. Fourth British Grassland Society (BGS) Research Conference, 26-28 September 1994, Reading University.

The effects of group size on grazing time in sheep

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penning, P. D., Parsons, A. J., Newman, J. A., Orr, R. J. and Harvey, A. 1993. The effects of group size on grazing time in sheep. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 37, pp. 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(93)90103-V

Recent developments in the automatic recording of grazing behaviour in free ranging ruminants

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Rutter, S. M., Penning, P. D., Champion, R. A. and Roberts, G. 1993. Recent developments in the automatic recording of grazing behaviour in free ranging ruminants. Proceedings of the Third International Congress on Applied Ethology, July 1993, Berlin, Germany. Humboldt University, Berlin. pp. 594-596

Factors controlling meal length and herbage intake rate by grazing sheep

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Penning, P. D., Orr, R. J., Parsons, A. J. and Rutter, S. M. 1993. Factors controlling meal length and herbage intake rate by grazing sheep. Proceedings of the Third International Congress on Applied Ethology, July 1993, Berlin, Germany. Humboldt University, Berlin. pp. 498-500

Effects of some factors on insensible weight loss in grazing sheep

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Dumont, B., Penning, P. D., Orr, R. J. and D'Hour, P. 1993. Effects of some factors on insensible weight loss in grazing sheep. Proceedings of 8iemes Journees des Recherches sur l'Alimentation et la Nutrition des Herbivores, 24-25 March 1993, Paris, France.

Dietary preferences of sheep and goats

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Penning, P. D., Parsons, A. J., Harvey, A. and Orr, R. J. 1993. Dietary preferences of sheep and goats. Proceedings from Agricultural and Environmental Management "Pointers for Change", 8 April 1993, National Agricultural Conference, Stoneleigh, UK.

Automatic recording of grazing behaviour in ruminants

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Rutter, S. M., Penning, P. D., Champion, R. A. and Roberts, G. 1993. Automatic recording of grazing behaviour in ruminants. Society of Chemical Industry - Sensing and Control Aspects of Spatially Variable Field Operations, November 1993, London.

Development of an automatic recording system for lying, standing and walking behaviour in sheep

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Rutter, S. M. and Champion, R. A. 1992. Development of an automatic recording system for lying, standing and walking behaviour in sheep. Third Research Conference BGS, 2-4 September 1992, Greenmount, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. pp. 75-76

Uptake, cycling and fate of nitrogen in grass-clover swards continuously grazed by sheep

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Parsons, A. J., Orr, R. J., Penning, P. D. and Lockyer, D. R. 1991. Uptake, cycling and fate of nitrogen in grass-clover swards continuously grazed by sheep. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 116, pp. 47-61. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600076139

Patterns of ingestive behaviour of sheep continuously stocked on monocultures of ryegrass or white clover

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penning, P. D., Rook, A. J. and Orr, R. J. 1991. Patterns of ingestive behaviour of sheep continuously stocked on monocultures of ryegrass or white clover. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 31, pp. 237-250.

Micrometeorological studies of ammonia emission from sheep grazed swards

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Jarvis, S. C., Hatch, D. J., Orr, R. J. and Reynolds, S. E. 1991. Micrometeorological studies of ammonia emission from sheep grazed swards. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 117, pp. 101-109. https://doi.org/Reynolds(a1)DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600079028

Intake and behaviour responses by sheep to changes in sward characteristics under continuous stocking

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penning, P. D., Parsons, A. J., Orr, R. J. and Treacher, T. T. 1991. Intake and behaviour responses by sheep to changes in sward characteristics under continuous stocking. Grass and Forage Science. 46, pp. 15-28.

The performance of ewes offered diets containing different proportions of perennial ryegrass and white clover silage in late pregnancy

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Orr, R. J. and Treacher, T. T. 1990. The performance of ewes offered diets containing different proportions of perennial ryegrass and white clover silage in late pregnancy. Animal Production. 51, pp. 143-153.

Sward composition, animal performance and the potential production of grass/white clover swards continuously stocked with sheep

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Orr, R. J., Parsons, A. J., Penning, P. D. and Treacher, T. T. 1990. Sward composition, animal performance and the potential production of grass/white clover swards continuously stocked with sheep. Grass and Forage Science. 45, pp. 325-336.

Intakes of silages, hays or straws by ewes in mid pregnancy

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Orr, R. J. and Treacher, T. T. 1990. Intakes of silages, hays or straws by ewes in mid pregnancy. Animal Production. 51, pp. 301-310.