Effects of field beans, fallow, lupins, oats, oilseed rape, peas, ryegrass, sunflowers and wheat on nitrogen residues in the soil and on the growth of a subsequent wheat crop.

McEwen, J., Darby, R. J., Hewitt, M. V. and Yeoman, D. P. 1989. Effects of field beans, fallow, lupins, oats, oilseed rape, peas, ryegrass, sunflowers and wheat on nitrogen residues in the soil and on the growth of a subsequent wheat crop. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 115 (2), pp. 209-219. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600075146

Related outputs

Symposium: the Broadbalk long-term experiment at Rothamsted: what has it told us about weeds?

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Moss, S. R., Storkey, J., Cussans, J. W., Perryman, S. A. M. and Hewitt, M. V. 2004. Symposium: the Broadbalk long-term experiment at Rothamsted: what has it told us about weeds? Weed Science. 52, pp. 864-873. https://doi.org/10.1614/WS-04-012R1

The classic long-term experiments at Rothamsted: what have they told us about weeds?

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Moss, S. R. and Hewitt, M. V. 2002. The classic long-term experiments at Rothamsted: what have they told us about weeds? Abstracts Annual Meeting of the Weed Science Society of America, Reno, 10-13 February 2002 . pp. Abstract 198

A comparison of management regimes for one-year rotational set-aside within a sequence of winter wheat crops, and of growing wheat without interruption. 1. Effects on soil mineral nitrogen, grain yield and quality

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Bacon, E. T. G., Hewitt, M. V. and Shepherd, C. E. 1998. A comparison of management regimes for one-year rotational set-aside within a sequence of winter wheat crops, and of growing wheat without interruption. 1. Effects on soil mineral nitrogen, grain yield and quality. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 130, pp. 377-388. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859698005437

Peat - a valuable resource

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Johnston, A. E., Hewitt, M. V., Poulton, P. R. and Lane, P. W. 1997. Peat - a valuable resource. Wilson, W. S. and Hayes, M. H. B. (ed.) Humic substances in soils, peats and waters: health and environmental aspects . Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), Cambridge. pp. 368-383

The LINK-IFS Project - the effect of crop rotations and cropping systems on Carabidae

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Holland, J. M., Drysdale, A., Hewitt, M. V. and Turley, D. 1996. The LINK-IFS Project - the effect of crop rotations and cropping systems on Carabidae. Rotations and Cropping Systems. Aspects of Applied Biology 47 .

Impact of set-aside management strategies on the soil seedbank and weed flora at Woburn

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Lawson, H. M., Wright, G. Mcn., Bacon, E. T. G. and Yeoman, D. P. 1994. Impact of set-aside management strategies on the soil seedbank and weed flora at Woburn. Arable Farming under CAP Reform. Aspects of Applied Biology 40 . pp. 453-460

Predator populations and the influence of crop type and preliminary impact of integrated farming systems

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Holland, J. M., Hewitt, M. V. and Drysdale, A. D. 1994. Predator populations and the influence of crop type and preliminary impact of integrated farming systems. Arable Farming under CAP Reform. Aspects of Applied Biology 40 . pp. 217-224

Effects of methods of cereal straw disposal, seedbed preparation and sowing method on the establishment, yield and oil content of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Darby, R. J. and Yeoman, D. P. 1994. Effects of methods of cereal straw disposal, seedbed preparation and sowing method on the establishment, yield and oil content of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The Journal of Agricultural Science. 122 (3), pp. 393-404. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600067320

Effects of one to six year old ryegrass-clover leys on soil nitrogen and on the subsequent yields and fertilizer nitrogen requirements of the arable sequence winter wheat, potatoes, winter wheat, winter beans (Vicia faba ) grown on a sandy loam soil

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Johnston, A. E., McEwen, J., Lane, P. W., Hewitt, M. V., Poulton, P. R. and Yeoman, D. P. 1994. Effects of one to six year old ryegrass-clover leys on soil nitrogen and on the subsequent yields and fertilizer nitrogen requirements of the arable sequence winter wheat, potatoes, winter wheat, winter beans (Vicia faba ) grown on a sandy loam soil. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 122 (1), pp. 73-89. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600065825

Old and modern wheat cultivars compared on the Broadbalk wheat experiment

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Austin, R. B., Ford, M. A., Morgan, C. L. and Yeoman, D. P. 1993. Old and modern wheat cultivars compared on the Broadbalk wheat experiment. European Journal of Agronomy. 2 (2), pp. 141-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(14)80144-5

The effect of cultivation and plant establishment on nitrogen conservation on set-aside land

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Hewitt, M. V., Webster, C. P. and Bacon, E. T. G. 1992. The effect of cultivation and plant establishment on nitrogen conservation on set-aside land. Set-aside. British Crop Protection Council Monograph.

Effects of pH, phosphate and manganese on spring-sown Vicia faba L.

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

McEwen, J., Yeoman, D. P. and McGrath, S. P. 1991. Effects of pH, phosphate and manganese on spring-sown Vicia faba L. Fabis Newsletter. 27, pp. 18-20.

Effects of sowing date and plant structure on radiation interception, time of maturity and yield of autumn-sown Lupinus albus

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Milford, G. F. J., Day, J. M., Leach, J. E., Stevenson, H. J., Scott, T. and McEwen, J. 1991. Effects of sowing date and plant structure on radiation interception, time of maturity and yield of autumn-sown Lupinus albus. Production and Protection of Legumes. Aspects of Applied Biology .

Effects of sowing date and plant structure on radiation interception, time of maturity and yield of autumn-sown Lupinus albus

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Milford, G. F. J., Day, J. M., Leach, J. E., Stevenson, H. J., Scott, T. and McEwen, J. 1991. Effects of sowing date and plant structure on radiation interception, time of maturity and yield of autumn-sown Lupinus albus. Production and Protection of Legumes. Aspects of Applied Biology 27. pp. 183-188

A comparison of the effects of single or multiple spring applications of prilled urea or 'Nitro-chalk' to winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Darby, R. J. and Hewitt, M. V. 1990. A comparison of the effects of single or multiple spring applications of prilled urea or 'Nitro-chalk' to winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The Journal of Agricultural Science. 115 (3), pp. 363-368. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600075808

Effects of break crops on wheat.

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

McEwen, J., Darby, R., Hewitt, M. and Yeoman, D. P. 1990. Effects of break crops on wheat. Vegetable Grower. Spring, p. 16,18.

Effects of irrigation, N fertilizer, cutting frequency and pesticides on ryegrass, ryegrass–clover mixtures, clover and lucerne grown on heavy and light land

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J., Day, W., Henderson, I. F., Johnston, A. E., Plumb, R. T., Poulton, P. R., Spaull, A. M., Stribley, D. P., Todd, A. D. and Yeoman, D. P. 1989. Effects of irrigation, N fertilizer, cutting frequency and pesticides on ryegrass, ryegrass–clover mixtures, clover and lucerne grown on heavy and light land. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 112 (2), pp. 227-247. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600085130

Effects of row spacing and the control of pests and pathogens on four cultivars of spring-sown field beans (Vicia fabae ).

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J. and Yeoman, D. P. 1989. Effects of row spacing and the control of pests and pathogens on four cultivars of spring-sown field beans (Vicia fabae ). The Journal of Agricultural Science. 113 (3), pp. 365-371. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600070064

Uptake of foliar-applied urea by winter-wheat (Triticum aestivum) the influence of application time and the use of a new 15N technique.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Powlson, D. S., Poulton, P. R., Moller, N. E., Hewitt, M. V., Penny, A. and Jenkinson, D. S. 1989. Uptake of foliar-applied urea by winter-wheat (Triticum aestivum) the influence of application time and the use of a new 15N technique. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 48 (4), pp. 429-440. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740480405

Effects of aldicarb, benomyl, dazomet, permethrin, pirimicarb, phorate and nitrogen fertiliser on maize (Zea mays ) grown for 14 consecutive years on the same site.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Barnard, A. J., McEwen, J., Hornby, D. and Beane, J. 1989. Effects of aldicarb, benomyl, dazomet, permethrin, pirimicarb, phorate and nitrogen fertiliser on maize (Zea mays ) grown for 14 consecutive years on the same site. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 112 (3), pp. 339-349. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600085798

Effects of seed rates, sowing dates and methods of sowing on autumn-sown field beans (Vicia faba L.)

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J., Yeoman, D. P. and Moffitt, R. 1988. Effects of seed rates, sowing dates and methods of sowing on autumn-sown field beans (Vicia faba L.). The Journal of Agricultural Science. 110 (2), pp. 345-352. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600081387

Field beans at Rothamsted.

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

McEwen, J. 1988. Field beans at Rothamsted. Vegetable Grower. Spring, p. 6.

Effects of a range of fungicides used to control rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) on spring-sown field beans (Vicia faba) in the UK

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Yeoman, D. P., Lapwood, D. H. and McEwen, J. 1987. Effects of a range of fungicides used to control rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) on spring-sown field beans (Vicia faba) in the UK. Crop Protection. 6 (2), pp. 90-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(87)90105-0

Amounts of NO3-N and NH4-N in soil, from autumn to spring, under winter wheat and their relationship to soil type, sowing date, previous crop and N uptake at Rothamsted, Woburn and Saxmundham, 1979-85.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A., Darby, R. J., Bird, E. and Hewitt, M. V. 1987. Amounts of NO3-N and NH4-N in soil, from autumn to spring, under winter wheat and their relationship to soil type, sowing date, previous crop and N uptake at Rothamsted, Woburn and Saxmundham, 1979-85. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 108 (1), pp. 73-95. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600064145

Tests of nitrification and of urease inhibitors, when applied with either solid or aqueous urea, on grass grown on a light sandy soil.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Rodgers, G. A., Penny, A., Widdowson, F. V. and Hewitt, M. V. 1987. Tests of nitrification and of urease inhibitors, when applied with either solid or aqueous urea, on grass grown on a light sandy soil. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 108 (1), pp. 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600064170

Recovery of 15N-labelled urea applied to the foliage of winter wheat.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Powlson, D. S., Poulton, P. R., Penny, A. and Hewitt, M. V. 1987. Recovery of 15N-labelled urea applied to the foliage of winter wheat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 41 (3), pp. 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740410302

The relationship of soil mineral NO3-N with NO3-N concentration, and of fertilizer -N with the amount of nitrogen taken up by winter wheat, in experiments testing nitrogen fertilizer in combination with aphicide and fungicides, from 1980 to 1982.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Darby, R. J., Widdowson, F. V., Bird, E. and Hewitt, M. V. 1986. The relationship of soil mineral NO3-N with NO3-N concentration, and of fertilizer -N with the amount of nitrogen taken up by winter wheat, in experiments testing nitrogen fertilizer in combination with aphicide and fungicides, from 1980 to 1982. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 106, pp. 497-507. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063383

A comparison of the effects of prilled urea, used alone or with a nitrification or urease inhibitor, with those of 'Nitro-Chalk' on winter oil-seed rape.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Rodgers, G. A., Penny, A. and Hewitt, M. V. 1986. A comparison of the effects of prilled urea, used alone or with a nitrification or urease inhibitor, with those of 'Nitro-Chalk' on winter oil-seed rape. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 106 (3), pp. 515-526. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063401

Effects of soil and fertilizer P on yields of potatoes, sugar beet, barley and winter wheat on a sandy clay loam soil at Saxmundham, Suffolk

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Johnston, A. E., Lane, P. W., Mattingly, G. E. G., Poulton, P. R. and Hewitt, M. V. 1986. Effects of soil and fertilizer P on yields of potatoes, sugar beet, barley and winter wheat on a sandy clay loam soil at Saxmundham, Suffolk. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 106 (1), pp. 155-167. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600061864

Yield and nitrogen-fixation of melilotus-alba

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J. and Johnston, A. E. 1985. Yield and nitrogen-fixation of melilotus-alba. Field Crops Research. 12 (2), pp. 187-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(85)90065-6

Control of pests and pathogens of spring-sown field beans (Vicia faba L.)

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J., Bardner, R., Bater, J. E., Cockbain, A. J., Fletcher, K. E., Lapwood, D. H., Salt, G. A., Webb, R. M., Williams, T. D. and Yeoman, D. P. 1985. Control of pests and pathogens of spring-sown field beans (Vicia faba L.). Research and development in agriculture. 2 (3), pp. 177-185.

Tests of amounts and times of application of nitrogen and of sequential sprays of aphicide and fungicides on winter wheat, following either beans or wheat, and the effects of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici ), on two varieties at Saxmundham, Suffolk 1980-3

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A., Gutteridge, R. J., Darby, R, J. and Hewitt, M. V. 1985. Tests of amounts and times of application of nitrogen and of sequential sprays of aphicide and fungicides on winter wheat, following either beans or wheat, and the effects of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici ), on two varieties at Saxmundham, Suffolk 1980-3. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 105, pp. 97-122. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600055775

Rothamsted Garden Clover - Red clover grown continuously since 1854 Yields, crop and soil analyses 1956-82

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J., Johnston, A. E., Poulton, P. R. and Yeoman, D. P. 1984. Rothamsted Garden Clover - Red clover grown continuously since 1854 Yields, crop and soil analyses 1956-82. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1983 (part 2), pp. 225-237.

An effect of rust (uromyces-viciae-fabae) on the yield of spring-sown field beans (vicia-faba) in the UK

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Lapwood, D. H., Bainbridge, A., McEwen, J. and Yeoman, D. P. 1984. An effect of rust (uromyces-viciae-fabae) on the yield of spring-sown field beans (vicia-faba) in the UK. Crop Protection. 3 (2), pp. 193-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(84)90054-1

Comparisons between the establishment, growth and yield of winter-wheat on 3 clay soils, in experiments testing nitrogen-fertilizer in combination with aphicide and fungicides, from 1980 to 1982

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Darby, R. J., Widdowson, F. V. and Hewitt, M. V. 1984. Comparisons between the establishment, growth and yield of winter-wheat on 3 clay soils, in experiments testing nitrogen-fertilizer in combination with aphicide and fungicides, from 1980 to 1982. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 103 (DEC), pp. 595-611. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600043720

Yield benefits from the control of rust on spring-sown field beans

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Lapwood, D. H., McEwen, J. and Yeoman, D. P. 1984. Yield benefits from the control of rust on spring-sown field beans. Proceedings British Crop Protection Conference 1984 - Pests and Diseases . pp. 761-766

Comparison of the effects of aqueous and of prilled urea, used alone or with urease or nitrification inhibitors, with those of ''Nitro-Chalk'' on ryegrass leys

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Rodgers, G. A., Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Hewitt, M. V. 1984. Comparison of the effects of aqueous and of prilled urea, used alone or with urease or nitrification inhibitors, with those of ''Nitro-Chalk'' on ryegrass leys. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 103 (3), pp. 671-685. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063401

Rothamsted garden clover - red clover grown continuously since 1854

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J., Johnston, A. E., Poulton, P. R. and Yeoman, D. P. 1983. Rothamsted garden clover - red clover grown continuously since 1854. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 2, pp. 225-237.

Effects of several nitrification inhibitors, when injected with aqueous urea, on yields and nitrogen recoveries of ryegrass leys

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Rodgers, G. A., Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Hewitt, M. V. 1983. Effects of several nitrification inhibitors, when injected with aqueous urea, on yields and nitrogen recoveries of ryegrass leys. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 101 (DEC), pp. 637-656. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600038673

Results from the Woburn Reference Experiment, III. Yields of the Crops and Recoveries of N, P, K, and Mg from Manures and Soil, 1975-79

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Hewitt, M. V. 1982. Results from the Woburn Reference Experiment, III. Yields of the Crops and Recoveries of N, P, K, and Mg from Manures and Soil, 1975-79. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1981 (2), pp. 5-21.

Results from an experiment on permanent grass evaluating the cumulative effects of aqueous urea, injected alone or with a nitrification inhibitor, with those of nitro-chalk

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Ashworth, J., Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A., Gibbs, A. J., Hodgkinson, R. A. and Hewitt, M. V. 1982. Results from an experiment on permanent grass evaluating the cumulative effects of aqueous urea, injected alone or with a nitrification inhibitor, with those of nitro-chalk. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 98 (FEB), pp. 141-154. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600041216

Fourier-series and response curves

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Dyke, G. V., Smith, G. L. and Yeoman, D. P. 1982. Fourier-series and response curves. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 98 (1), pp. 119-122. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600041186

The effects of irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer and the control of pests and pathogens on spring-sown field beans (Vicia faba L.) and residual effects on two following winter wheat crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J., Bardner, R., Briggs, G. G., Bromilow, R. H., Cockbain, A. J., Day, J. M., Fletcher, K. E., Legg, B. J., Roughley, R. J., Salt, G. A., Simpson, H. R., Webb, R. M., Witty, J. F. and Yeoman, D. P. 1981. The effects of irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer and the control of pests and pathogens on spring-sown field beans (Vicia faba L.) and residual effects on two following winter wheat crops. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 96 (1), pp. 129-150. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600031944

Soils of Rothamsted Farm. The carbon and nitrogen content of the soils and the effect of changes in crop rotation and manuring on soil pH, P, K and Mg

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Johnston, A. E., Poulton, P. R. and McEwen, J. 1980. Soils of Rothamsted Farm. The carbon and nitrogen content of the soils and the effect of changes in crop rotation and manuring on soil pH, P, K and Mg. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1980 (part 2), pp. 5-20.

Effects of subsoiling and deep incorporation of p-fertilizers and k-fertilizers on the yield and nutrient-uptake of barley, potatoes, wheat and sugar-beet grown in rotation

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J. and Johnston, A. E. 1979. Effects of subsoiling and deep incorporation of p-fertilizers and k-fertilizers on the yield and nutrient-uptake of barley, potatoes, wheat and sugar-beet grown in rotation. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 92 (JUN), pp. 695-702. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600053946

Effects of aldicarb, triazophos and benomyl plus zineb on the incidence of pests and pathogens and on the yields and nitrogen uptakes of leafless peas (pisum-sativum-l)

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J., Cockbain, A. J., Fletcher, K. E., Salt, G. A., Wall, C., Whitehead, A. G. and Yeoman, D. P. 1979. Effects of aldicarb, triazophos and benomyl plus zineb on the incidence of pests and pathogens and on the yields and nitrogen uptakes of leafless peas (pisum-sativum-l). The Journal of Agricultural Science. 93 (3), pp. 687-692. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600039101

Effects of subsoiling and incorporating p and k in subsoil on crop yield

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J. 1978. Effects of subsoiling and incorporating p and k in subsoil on crop yield. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 29 (9), pp. 834-834.

Effects of growth-regulators, seed rates and row spacings on field beans (Vicia faba L.)

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J. 1973. Effects of growth-regulators, seed rates and row spacings on field beans (Vicia faba L.). The Journal of Agricultural Science. 80 (1), pp. 37-42. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600057038

Effects of dazomet and fertilizer nitrogen on field beans (Vicia faba L.)

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J., Salt, G. A. and Hornby, D. 1973. Effects of dazomet and fertilizer nitrogen on field beans (Vicia faba L.). The Journal of Agricultural Science. 80 (1), pp. 105-110. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600057117

Effects of defoliating different zones on the plant in field beans (Vicia faba L.)

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J. 1972. Effects of defoliating different zones on the plant in field beans (Vicia faba L.). The Journal of Agricultural Science. 78 (3), pp. 487-490. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600026423

Fertilizer nitrogen and growth regulators for field beans (Vicia faba L.) I The effects of seed bed applications of large dressings of fertilizer nitrogen and the residual effects on following winter wheat

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J. 1970. Fertilizer nitrogen and growth regulators for field beans (Vicia faba L.) I The effects of seed bed applications of large dressings of fertilizer nitrogen and the residual effects on following winter wheat. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 74 (1), pp. 61-66. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600020955

Fertilizer nitrogen and growth regulators for field beans (Vicia faba L.) II The effects of large dressings of fertilizer nitrogen, single and split applications, and growth regulators

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

McEwen, J. 1970. Fertilizer nitrogen and growth regulators for field beans (Vicia faba L.) II The effects of large dressings of fertilizer nitrogen, single and split applications, and growth regulators. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 74 (1), pp. 67-72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600020967