GSplancs: Genstat procedures for analysing spatial point patterns

Microsomal fractions from wheat tissues exhibit a higher level of ATP hydrolytic activity in the presence of Ca2+ than Mg2+. Here we characterise the Ca2+-dependent activity from roots of Triticum aestivum (cv. Troy) and investigate its possible function. Ca2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis in the microsomal fraction occurs over a wide pH range with two slight optima at pH 5.5 and 7.5. At these pHs the activity co-migrates with the major peak of nitrate-inhibited Mg2+, C-l--ATPase on continuous sucrose gradients indicating that it is associated with the vacuolar membrane. Ca2+ -dependent ATP hydrolysis can be distinguished from an inhibitory effect of Ca2+ on the plasma membrane K+, Mg2+-ATPase following microsomal membrane separation using aqueous polymer two phase partitioning. The Ca2+-dependent activity is stimulated by free Ca2+ with a K-m of 8.1 mu M in the absence of Mg2+ ([CaATP] = 0.8 mM). Vacuolar membrane vesicle preparations contain a higher Ca2+-dependent than Mg2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis, although the two activities are not directly additive. The nucleotide specificity of the divalent ion-dependent activities in vacuolar membrane-enriched fractions was low, hydrolysis of CTP and UTP being greater than ATP hydrolysis with both Ca2+ and Mg2+. The Ca2+-dependent activity did discriminate against dinucleotides, and mononucleotides, and failed to hydrolyse phosphatase substrates. Despite low nucleotide specificity the Mg2+-dependent activity functioned as a bafilomycin sensitive H+-pump in vacuolar membrane vesicles. Ca2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis was not inhibited by the V-, P-, or F-type ATPase inhibitors bafilomycin, vanadate and azide, respectively, nor by the phosphatase inhibitor molybdate, but was inhibited 20% at pH 7.5 by K+. Possible functions of Ca2+-dependent hydrolysis as a H+-pump or a Ca2+-pump was investigated using vacuolar membrane vesicles. No H+ or Ca2+ translocating activity was observed under conditions when the Ca2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis was active.