Assessing the ecological impacts of bioenergy projects

Firbank, L. G. 2008. Assessing the ecological impacts of bioenergy projects. BioEnergy Research. 1, pp. 12-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-007-9000-8

Authors	Firbank, L. G.
Year of Publication	2008
Journal	BioEnergy Research
Journal citation	1, pp. 12-19
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-007-9000-8
Open access	Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Funder project or code	Landscape & Ecology (LE)
	North Wyke Research (NWR)
Publisher's version	Firbank-2008-Assessing-the-ecological-impacts-of.pdf
Publisher
	Springer
ISSN	1939-1234

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National-scale metacommunity dynamics of carabid beetles in UK farmland

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Brooks, D. R., Clark, S. J., Perry, J. N., Bohan, D. A., Champion, G. T., Firbank, L. G., Haughton, A. J., Hawes, C., Heard, M. S. and Woiwod, I. P. 2005. Invertebrate biodiversity in maize following withdrawal of triazine herbicides. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 272, pp. 1497-1502. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3102

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Ban on triazine herbicides likely to reduce but not negate relative benefits of GMHT maize cropping

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

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Farm scale evaluations of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim report 1 April 2003

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Firbank, L. G., Brooks, D., Bohan, D. A., Champion, G. T., Clark, S. J., Daniels, R., Dewar, A. M., Fairfax, C., Haughton, A. J., Hawes, C., Heard, M., Hill, M., May, M. J., Osborne, J. L., Pidgeon, J. D., Perry, J. N., Rossall, M., Rothery, P., Roy, D., Scott, R., Squire, G., Whittaker, D. and Woiwod, I. P. 2003. Farm scale evaluations of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim report 1 April 2003.

Farm scale evaluations of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim report 1 November 2003

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Firbank, L. G., Brooks, D., Bohan, D. A., Champion, G. T., Clark, S. J., Daniels, R., Dewar, A. M., Haughton, A. J., Hawes, C., Heard, M., Hill, M., May, M. J., Osborne, J. L., Pidgeon, J. D., Perry, J. N., Rothery, P., Roy, D., Scott, R., Squire, G. and Woiwod, I. P. 2003. Farm scale evaluations of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim report 1 November 2003.

The implications of spring-sown genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops for farmland biodiversity: a commentary on the Farm Scale Evaluations of spring sown crops (DEFRA report)

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Firbank, L. G., Perry, J. N., Squire, G. R., Bohan, D. A., Brooks, D. R., Champion, G. T., Clark, S. J., Daniels, R. E., Dewar, A. M., Haughton, A. J., Hawes, C., Heard, M. S., Hill, M. O., May, M. J., Osborne, J. L., Rothery, P., Roy, D. B., Scott, R. J. and Woiwod, I. P. 2003. The implications of spring-sown genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops for farmland biodiversity: a commentary on the Farm Scale Evaluations of spring sown crops (DEFRA report).

Responses of plants and invertebrate trophic groups to contrasting herbicide regimes in the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Hawes, C., Haughton, A. J., Osborne, J. L., Roy, D. B., Clark, S. J., Perry, J. N., Rothery, P., Bohan, D. A., Brooks, D. R., Champion, G. T., Dewar, A. M., Heard, M. S., Woiwod, I. P., Daniels, R. E., Young, M. W., Parish, A. M., Scott, R. J., Firbank, L. G. and Squire, G. R. 2003. Responses of plants and invertebrate trophic groups to contrasting herbicide regimes in the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. 358, pp. 1899-1913. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1406

Invertebrates and vegetation of field margins adjacent to crops subject to contrasting herbicide regimes in the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Roy, D. B., Bohan, D. A., Haughton, A. J., Hill, M. O., Osborne, J. L., Clark, S. J., Perry, J. N., Rothery, P., Scott, R. J., Brooks, D. R., Champion, G. T., Hawes, C., Heard, M. S. and Firbank, L. G. 2003. Invertebrates and vegetation of field margins adjacent to crops subject to contrasting herbicide regimes in the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. 358, pp. 1879-1898. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1404

Invertebrate responses to the management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant and conventional spring crops. II. Within-field epigeal and aerial arthropods

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Haughton, A. J., Champion, G. T., Hawes, C., Heard, M. S., Brooks, D. R., Bohan, D. A., Clark, S. J., Dewar, A. M., Firbank, L. G., Osborne, J. L., Perry, J. N., Rothery, P., Roy, D. B., Scott, R. J., Woiwod, I. P., Birchall, C., Skellern, M. P., Walker, J. H., Baker, P., Browne, E. L., Dewar, A. J. G., Garner, B. H., Haylock, L. A., Horne, S. L., Mason, N. S., Sands, R. J. N. and Walker, M. J. 2003. Invertebrate responses to the management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant and conventional spring crops. II. Within-field epigeal and aerial arthropods. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. 358, pp. 1863-1877.

Invertebrate responses to the management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant and conventional spring crops. I. Soil-surface-active invertebrates

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Brooks, D. R., Bohan, D. A., Champion, G. T., Haughton, A. J., Hawes, C., Heard, M. S., Clark, S. J., Dewar, A. M., Firbank, L. G., Perry, J. N., Rothery, P., Scott, R. J., Woiwod, I. P., Birchall, C., Skellern, M. P., Walker, J. H., Baker, P., Bell, D., Browne, E. L., Dewar, A. J. G., Fairfax, C. M., Garner, B. H., Haylock, L. A., Horne, S. L., Hulmes, S. E., Mason, N. S., Norton, L. R., Nuttall, P., Sands, R. J. N. and Walker, M. J. 2003. Invertebrate responses to the management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant and conventional spring crops. I. Soil-surface-active invertebrates. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. 358, pp. 1847-1862. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1407

Weeds in fields with contrasting conventional and genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. II. Effects on individual species

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Heard, M. S., Hawes, C., Champion, G. T., Clark, S. J., Firbank, L. G., Haughton, A. J., Parish, A. M., Perry, J. N., Rothery, P., Roy, D. B., Scott, R. J., Skellern, M. P., Squire, G. R. and Hill, M. O. 2003. Weeds in fields with contrasting conventional and genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. II. Effects on individual species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. 358, pp. 1833-1846. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1401

Weeds in fields with contrasting conventional and genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. I. Effects on abundance and diversity

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Heard, M. S., Hawes, C., Champion, G. T., Clark, S. J., Firbank, L. G., Haughton, A. J., Parish, A. M., Perry, J. N., Rothery, P., Scott, R. J., Skellern, M. P., Squire, G. R. and Hill, M. O. 2003. Weeds in fields with contrasting conventional and genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. I. Effects on abundance and diversity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. 358, pp. 1819-1832. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1402

Crop management and agronomic context of the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Champion, G. T., May, M. J., Bennett, S., Brooks, D. R., Clark, S. J., Daniels, R. E., Firbank, L. G., Haughton, A. J., Hawes, C., Heard, M. S., Perry, J. N., Randle, Z., Rossall, M. J., Rothery, P., Skellern, M. P., Scott, R. J., Squire, G. R. and Thomas, M. R. 2003. Crop management and agronomic context of the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. 358, pp. 1801-1818. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1405

On the rationale and interpretation of the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Squire, G. R., Brooks, D. R., Bohan, D. A., Champion, G. T., Daniels, R. E., Haughton, A. J., Hawes, C., Heard, M. S., Hill, M. O., May, M. J., Osborne, J. L., Perry, J. N., Roy, D. B., Woiwod, I. P. and Firbank, L. G. 2003. On the rationale and interpretation of the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. 358, pp. 1779-1799.

An introduction to the farm-scale evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Firbank, L. G., Heard, M. S., Woiwod, I. P., Hawes, C., Haughton, A. J., Champion, G. T., Scott, R. J., Hill, M. O., Dewar, A. M., Squires, G. R., May, M. J., Brooks, D. R., Bohan, D. A., Daniels, R. E., Osborne, J. L., Roy, D. B., Black, H. I. J., Rothery, P. and Perry, J. N. 2003. An introduction to the farm-scale evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. Journal of Applied Ecology. 40 (1), pp. 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00787.x

Farm scale evaluations of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim report 27 March 2002

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Firbank, L. G., Bennett, S., Brooks, D., Bohan, D. A., Champion, G. T., Clark, S. J., Daniels, R., Dewar, A. M., Haughton, A. J., Hawes, C., Heard, M., Hill, M., May, M. J., Norton, L., Osborne, J. L., Pidgeon, J. D., Perry, J. N., Rothery, P., Roy, D., Scott, R., Squire, G., Watkins, J., Whittaker, D. and Woiwod, I. P. 2002. Farm scale evaluations of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim report 27 March 2002.

Farm scale evaluations of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim report 1 November 2002

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Firbank, L. G., Brooks, D., Bohan, D. A., Champion, G. T., Clark, S. J., Daniels, R., Dewar, A. M., Fairfax, C., Haughton, A. J., Hawes, C., Heard, M., Hill, M., May, M. J., Osborne, J. L., Pidgeon, J. D., Perry, J. N., Rossall, M., Rothery, P., Roy, D., Scott, R., Squire, G., Whittaker, D. and Woiwod, I. P. 2002. Farm scale evaluations of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim report 1 November 2002.

Time Well Spent : a guide to the uptake of IFM on lowland livestock farms

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Fisher, G., Campbell, R., Carey, P., Crichton, J., Draper, S., Drummond, C., Firbank, L. G., Hopkins, A., McCraken, D., Osman, M., Puzey, R., Tripney, M., Vickery, J., Wilkinson, D., Winder, F. and Woodhouse, M. 2002. Time Well Spent : a guide to the uptake of IFM on lowland livestock farms.

Farm scale evaluations of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim report 31 January 2001

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Firbank, L. G., Bater, J., Bennett, S., Brooks, D., Bohan, D. A., Champion, G. T., Clark, S. J., Daniels, R., Dewar, A. M., Haughton, A. J., Hawes, C., Heard, M., Hill, M., May, M. J., Norton, L., Osborne, J. L., Pidgeon, J. D., Perry, J. N., Rossall, M., Rothery, P., Roy, D., Scott, R., Squire, G., Watkins, J., Whittaker, D. and Woiwod, I. P. 2001. Farm scale evaluations of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim report 31 January 2001.

Farm scale evaluations of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim report 11 October 2001

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Firbank, L. G., Bennett, S., Brooks, D., Bohan, D. A., Champion, G. T., Clark, S. J., Daniels, R., Dewar, A. M., Haughton, A. J., Hawes, C., Heard, M., Hill, M., May, M. J., Norton, L., Osborne, J. L., Pidgeon, J. D., Perry, J. N., Rothery, P., Roy, D., Scott, R., Squire, G., Watkins, J., Whittaker, D. and Woiwod, I. P. 2001. Farm scale evaluations of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim report 11 October 2001.

Farm scale evaluations of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim report 20 October 2000

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Firbank, L. G., Bater, J., Bennett, S., Brooks, D., Bohan, D. A., Champion, G. T., Clark, S. J., Daniels, R., Dewar, A. M., Glen, D. M., Haughton, A. J., Hawes, C., Heard, M., Hill, M., Maudsley, M. J., Marshall, E. J. P., May, M. J., Norton, L., Osborne, J. L., Pidgeon, J. D., Perry, J. N., Rossall, M., Rothery, P., Roy, D., Scott, R., Squire, G., Watkins, J., Whittaker, D. and Woiwod, I. P. 2000. Farm scale evaluations of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim report 20 October 2000. Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA).

Farm scale evaluation of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim Report. 3 March 2000

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Firbank, L. G., Brooks, D., Champion, G., Daniels, R., Dewar, A. M., Dixon, M., Haughton, A. J., Hawes, C., Heard, M., Hill, M., Lutman, P. J. W., Maudsley, M., May, M. J., Osborne, J. L., Pidgeon, J. D., Perry, J. N., Rothery, P., Roy, D., Scott, R., Squire, G., Watkins, J. and Woiwod, I. P. 2000. Farm scale evaluation of GM crops: effects of the management of field scale releases of genetically-modified herbicide-tolerant crops on the abundance and diversity of farmland wildlife. Interim Report. 3 March 2000.

Farm-scale evaluation of GM crops explained

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Firbank, L. G., Dewar, A. M., Hill, M. O., May, M. J., Perry, J. N., Rothery, P., Squire, G. R. and Woiwod, I. P. 1999. Farm-scale evaluation of GM crops explained. Nature. 399 (6738), pp. 727-728. https://doi.org/10.1038/21516

Integrating the environmental and economic consequences of converting to organic agriculture: evidence from a case study

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cobb, D., Feber, R., Hopkins, A., Stockdale, E. A., O'riordan, T., Clements, R. O., Firbank, L. G., Goulding, K. W. T., Jarvis, S. C. and Macdonald, D. 1999. Integrating the environmental and economic consequences of converting to organic agriculture: evidence from a case study. Land Use Policy. 16 (4), pp. 207-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8377(99)00023-X

The dynamics of experimental arable weed communities under different agricultural practices

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Mccloskey, M. C., Firbank, L. G., Watkinson, A. R. and Webb, D. J. 1996. The dynamics of experimental arable weed communities under different agricultural practices. Journal of Vegetation Science. 7, pp. 799-808.

Scale, experimental design and the detection of interspecific competition within plant communities

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Firbank, L. G., Lintell-Smith, G., Mccloskey, M., Smith, J. M. and Webb, D. J. 1994. Scale, experimental design and the detection of interspecific competition within plant communities. Plant Species Biology. 8, pp. 159-166.

The Ecology of Temperate Cereal Fields: 32nd Symposium of the British Ecological Society with the Association of Applied Biologists, University of Cambridge, 1990

E - Books edited/written by staff member, alone/with others

Firbank, L. G., Carter, N., Darbyshire, J. F. and Potts, G. R. 1991. The Ecology of Temperate Cereal Fields: 32nd Symposium of the British Ecological Society with the Association of Applied Biologists, University of Cambridge, 1990. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

Variability in the relationship between crop yield and weed density for winter wheat and Bromus sterilis

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cousens, R. D., Firbank, L. G., Mortimer, A. M. and Smith, R. G. R. 1988. Variability in the relationship between crop yield and weed density for winter wheat and Bromus sterilis. Journal of Applied Ecology. 25 (3), pp. 1033-1044. https://doi.org/10.2307/2403764