The isolation and synthesis of queen substance, 9-oxodec-trans-2-enoic acid, a honeybee pheromone
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G., Callow, R. K. and Johnston, N. C. 1962. The isolation and synthesis of queen substance, 9-oxodec-trans-2-enoic acid, a honeybee pheromone. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 155 (960), pp. 417-432. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1962.0009
| Authors | Butler, C. G., Callow, R. K. and Johnston, N. C. |
|---|---|
| Abstract | A method is described for isolating ‘queen substance’, which is produced in the mandibular glands of queen honeybees and inhibits queen rearing by worker honeybees and development of their ovaries. Queen substance has been identified as 9-oxodec-trans-2-enoic acid and its identity confirmed by synthesis. The synthetic and natural materials have the same biological activity. The methyl ester of 9-oxodecenoic acid is also active. Neither the natural nor the synthetic material completely inhibits queen rearing, whereas the presence of a live queen does. The other inhibitory factor is ‘queen scent’, which also on its own does not completely inhibit queen rearing. Queen scent plus 9-oxodecenoic acid cause complete inhibition. 9-Oxodecenoic acid did not affect the reproduction of any of the small mammals on which it was tested; nor did it have any pharmacological activity in a wide range of tests.%U |
| Keywords | RRES175; 175_Entomology; 175_Biochemistry |
| Year of Publication | 1962 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences |
| Journal citation | 155 (960), pp. 417-432 |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1962.0009 |
| Open access | Published as non-open access |
| Publication dates | |
| Online | 09 Jan 1962 |
| Publisher | Royal Society Publishing |
Related outputs
Movement of the Pheromone 9-Oxodec-2-Enoic Acid, applied to body surfaces of honeybees (Apis Mellifera)
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G., Callow, R. K., Greenway, A. R. and Simpson, J. 1974. Movement of the Pheromone 9-Oxodec-2-Enoic Acid, applied to body surfaces of honeybees (Apis Mellifera). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 17 (1), pp. 112-116. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1974.tb00324.x
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A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
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Chemistry of secretion from cornicles of various species of aphids
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Callow, R. K., Greenway, A. R. and Griffiths, D. C. 1973. Chemistry of secretion from cornicles of various species of aphids. Journal of Insect Physiology. 19 (4), pp. 737-748. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(73)90146-7
Report of the Bee Department 1970 pt 1
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1971. Report of the Bee Department 1970 pt 1. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 201-207.
The structure, composition and origin of the subcrystalline layer in some species of the genus Heterodera
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Brown, G., Callow, R. K., Green, C. D., Shepherd, A. M., Williams, T. D., Jones, F. G. W. and Rayner, J. H. 1971. The structure, composition and origin of the subcrystalline layer in some species of the genus Heterodera. Nematologica. 17 (4), pp. 591-599.
The mating behaviour of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1971. The mating behaviour of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Journal of Entomology Series A-Physiology & Behaviour. 46 (1), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1971.tb00103.x
Report of the Bee Department 1969 pt 1
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1970. Report of the Bee Department 1969 pt 1. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 254-263.
Chemistry of communication in the honeybee - a lecture by RK Callow
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Callow, R. K. 1970. Chemistry of communication in the honeybee - a lecture by RK Callow. Lecture. pp. 1-7.
Chemical communications in insects : behavioral and ecologic aspects
D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential
Butler, C. G. 1970. Chemical communications in insects : behavioral and ecologic aspects.
Chemical communication in insects : behavioral and ecologic aspects
B - Book chapters etc edited externally
Butler, C. G. 1970. Chemical communication in insects : behavioral and ecologic aspects. in: Johnston Jr., J. W., Moulton, D. G. and Turk, A. (ed.) Communication by Chemical Signals New York, D. Appleton.
Hive entrance finding by honeybee (Apis-mellifera) foragers
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G., Fletcher, D. J. and Watler, D. 1970. Hive entrance finding by honeybee (Apis-mellifera) foragers. Animal Behaviour. 18 (1), pp. 78-&. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(70)90074-6
Report of the Bee Department 1968 pt 1
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1969. Report of the Bee Department 1968 pt 1. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 223-232.
Some pheromones controlling honeybee behaviour
C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Butler, C. G. 1969. Some pheromones controlling honeybee behaviour. Proceedings International Union for the study of social insects VI congress.
Nest-entrance marking with pheromones by honeybee-Apis mellifera L and by a wasp Vespula Vulgaris L
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G., Fletcher, D. J. and Watler, D. 1969. Nest-entrance marking with pheromones by honeybee-Apis mellifera L and by a wasp Vespula Vulgaris L. Animal Behaviour. 17, pp. 142-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(69)90122-5
Pheromones of the honey bee - The secretion of the Nassanoff gland of the worker
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. and Calam, D. H. 1969. Pheromones of the honey bee - The secretion of the Nassanoff gland of the worker. Journal of Insect Physiology. 15 (2), pp. 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(69)90271-6
Report of the Bee Department 1967
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1968. Report of the Bee Department 1967. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 211-219.
Pheromones of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.): the “inhibitory scent” of the queen
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. and Callow, R. K. 1968. Pheromones of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.): the “inhibitory scent” of the queen. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series A General Entomology. 43 (4-6), pp. 62-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1968.tb01027.x
Report of the Bee Department 1966
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1967. Report of the Bee Department 1966. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 208-215.
Insect pheromones
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1967. Insect pheromones. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 42 (1), pp. 42-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1967.tb01339.x
Pheromones of queen honeybee (Apis mellifera L) which enable her workers to follow her when swarming
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. and Simpson, J. 1967. Pheromones of queen honeybee (Apis mellifera L) which enable her workers to follow her when swarming. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series A General Entomology. 42 (10-12), pp. 149-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1967.tb00806.x
Attraction of Apis mellifera drones by odours of queens of 2 other species of honeybees
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G., Calam, D. H. and Callow, R. K. 1967. Attraction of Apis mellifera drones by odours of queens of 2 other species of honeybees. Nature. 213 (5074), pp. 423-+. https://doi.org/10.1038/213423a0
A sex attractant acting as an aphrodisiac in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1967. A sex attractant acting as an aphrodisiac in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series A General Entomology. 42 (4-6), pp. 71-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1967.tb01004.x
Krombein,KV - trap-nesting wasps and bees
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1967. Krombein,KV - trap-nesting wasps and bees. Nature. 214 (5092), pp. 1058-&. https://doi.org/10.1038/2141058c0
Report of the Bee Department 1965
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1966. Report of the Bee Department 1965. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 196-202.
The effects of extracts of various social insects on queen rearing and the development of workers ovaries in the honeybee (Apis mellifera)
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1966. The effects of extracts of various social insects on queen rearing and the development of workers ovaries in the honeybee (Apis mellifera). Zeitschrift fur Bienenforschriften. 8.
Mandibular gland pheromone of worker honeybees
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1966. Mandibular gland pheromone of worker honeybees. Nature. 212 (5061), pp. 530-531. https://doi.org/10.1038/212530a0
Report of the Bee Department 1964
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1965. Report of the Bee Department 1964. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 195-202.
Sex attraction in Andrena flavipes Panzer (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with some observations on nest-site restriction
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1965. Sex attraction in Andrena flavipes Panzer (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with some observations on nest-site restriction. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series A General Entomology. 40 (4‐6), pp. 77-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1965.tb00318.x
Honeybee pheromones
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G., Callow, R. K., Jones, D. P., Galley, R. A. E., Woodcock, D. and Worthing, C. R. 1965. Honeybee pheromones. Chemistry & Industry. (21), pp. 883-&.
Report of the Bee Department 1963
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1964. Report of the Bee Department 1963. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 161-167.
Control of behaviour in the honeybee colony
D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential
Butler, C. G. 1964. Control of behaviour in the honeybee colony.
Pheromones of the honeybee: biological studies of the mandibular gland secretion of the queen
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. and Fairey, E. M. 1964. Pheromones of the honeybee: biological studies of the mandibular gland secretion of the queen. Journal of Apicultural Research. 3 (2), pp. 65-76.
Pheromones in sexual processes in insects
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1964. Pheromones in sexual processes in insects. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series A General Entomology. 2, pp. 66-77.
9-hydroxydec-trans-2-enoic acid pheromone stabilizing honeybee swarms
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G., Callow, R. K. and Chapman, J. R. 1964. 9-hydroxydec-trans-2-enoic acid pheromone stabilizing honeybee swarms. Nature. 201 (4920), p. 733. https://doi.org/10.1038/201733b0
Report of the Bee Department 1962
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1963. Report of the Bee Department 1962. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 167-172.
The role of the queen in preventing oogenesis in worker honeybees
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. and Fairey, E. M. 1963. The role of the queen in preventing oogenesis in worker honeybees. Journal of Apicultural Research. 2 (1), pp. 14-18.
Report of the Bee Department 1961
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1962. Report of the Bee Department 1961. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 157-161.
Inhibition of queen rearing by queen honey-bees (Apis mellifera l.) of different ages
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. and Paton, P. N. 1962. Inhibition of queen rearing by queen honey-bees (Apis mellifera l.) of different ages. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series A General Entomology. 37 (7‐9), pp. 114-116. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1962.tb00470.x
Animal behaviour: some recent work on bee behaviour
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1962. Animal behaviour: some recent work on bee behaviour. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine-London. 55 (7), pp. 545-548.
Report of the Bee Department 1960
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1961. Report of the Bee Department 1960. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 168-175.
The scent of queen honeybees (A mellifera L) that causes partial inhibition of queen rearing
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1961. The scent of queen honeybees (A mellifera L) that causes partial inhibition of queen rearing. Journal of Insect Physiology. 7 (3-4), pp. 258-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(61)90076-2
Efficiency of a honeybee community
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1961. Efficiency of a honeybee community. Endeavour. 20 (77), pp. 5-+. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(61)90038-2
Report of the Bee Department 1959
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1960. Report of the Bee Department 1959. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 144-150.
Sex determination and caste differentiation on the honeybee - Apis mellifera
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1960. Sex determination and caste differentiation on the honeybee - Apis mellifera. Memoirs of the Society for Endocrinology. 7.
The significance of queen substance in swarming and supersedure in honey-bee (Apis mellifera l.) colonies
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1960. The significance of queen substance in swarming and supersedure in honey-bee (Apis mellifera l.) colonies. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series A General Entomology. 35 (7‐9), pp. 129-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1960.tb00681.x
Queen substance production by virgin queen honey-bees (Apis mellifera l.)
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1960. Queen substance production by virgin queen honey-bees (Apis mellifera l.). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series A General Entomology. 35 (10‐12), pp. 170-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1960.tb00670.x
Queen recognition by worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1960. Queen recognition by worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Experientia. 16 (9), pp. 424-426. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02178850
Report of the Bee Department 1958
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1959. Report of the Bee Department 1958. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 146-153.
10-Hydroxy-Δ2-decenoic acid in the honeybee(Apis mellifera)
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Callow, R. K., Johnston, N. C. and Simpson, J. 1959. 10-Hydroxy-Δ2-decenoic acid in the honeybee(Apis mellifera). Experientia. 15 (11), pp. 421-422. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02157689
The source of the substance produced by a queen honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) which inhibits development of the ovaries of the workers of her colony
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1959. The source of the substance produced by a queen honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) which inhibits development of the ovaries of the workers of her colony. Physiological Entomology. 34 (7‐9), pp. 137-138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1959.tb00249.x
Extraction and purification of queen substance from queen bees
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G., Callow, R. K. and Johnston, N. C. 1959. Extraction and purification of queen substance from queen bees. Nature. 184 (4702), pp. 1871-1871. https://doi.org/10.1038/1841871a0
Queen substance
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1959. Queen substance. Bee World. 40 (11), pp. 269-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1959.11096745
Report of the Bee Department 1957
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1958. Report of the Bee Department 1957. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 167-174.
The source of the queen substance of the honey-bee (Apis mellifera l.)
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. and Simpson, J. 1958. The source of the queen substance of the honey-bee (Apis mellifera l.). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series A General Entomology. 33 (7‐9), pp. 120-122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1958.tb00458.x
The size of apertures through which worker honeybees will feed one another
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Free, J. B. and Butler, C. G. 1958. The size of apertures through which worker honeybees will feed one another. Bee World. 39 (2), pp. 40-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1958.11095034
The inhibition of queen rearing by feeding queenless worker honeybees (A-mellifera) with an extract of queen substance
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. and Gibbons, D. A. 1958. The inhibition of queen rearing by feeding queenless worker honeybees (A-mellifera) with an extract of queen substance. Journal of Insect Physiology. 2 (1), pp. 61-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(58)90028-3
Report of the Bee Department 1956
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1957. Report of the Bee Department 1956. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 160-166.
The process of queen supersedure in colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera Linn.)
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1957. The process of queen supersedure in colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera Linn.). Insectes Sociaux. 4 (3), pp. 211-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02222154
The control of ovary development in worker honeybees (Apis-mellifera)
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1957. The control of ovary development in worker honeybees (Apis-mellifera). Experientia. 13 (6), pp. 256-257. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02157449
Some work at Rothamsted on the social behaviour of honeybees
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1957. Some work at Rothamsted on the social behaviour of honeybees. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 147 (928), pp. 275-288. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1957.0050
Some recent advances in apicultural research
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1956. Some recent advances in apicultural research. Annual Review of Entomology. 1, pp. 283-298. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.01.010156.001433
Report of the Bee Department 1955
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1956. Report of the Bee Department 1955. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 139-145.
Some further observations on the nature of “queen substance” and of its role in the organisation of a honey-bee (Apis mellifera) community
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1956. Some further observations on the nature of “queen substance” and of its role in the organisation of a honey-bee (Apis mellifera) community. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series A General Entomology. 31 (1‐3), pp. 12-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1956.tb00192.x
The introduction of virgin and mated queens, directly and in a simple cage
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. and Simpson, J. 1956. The introduction of virgin and mated queens, directly and in a simple cage. Bee World. 37 (6), pp. 105-124.
A note on the use of honey-bees as pollinating agents in cages
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. and Haigh, J. C. 1956. A note on the use of honey-bees as pollinating agents in cages. Journal of Horticultural Science. 31 (4), pp. 295-297.
Queen-substance of honeybees and the ovary-inhibiting hormone of crustaceans
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Carlisle, D. B. and Butler, C. G. 1956. Queen-substance of honeybees and the ovary-inhibiting hormone of crustaceans. Nature. 177 (4502), pp. 276-277. https://doi.org/10.1038/177276b0
Some problems of red clover pollination
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G., Free, J. B. and Simpson, J. 1956. Some problems of red clover pollination. Annals of Applied Biology - AAB. 44 (4), pp. 664-669. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1956.tb02166.x
Report of the Bee Department 1954
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1955. Report of the Bee Department 1954. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 131-136.
An analysis of the factors involved in the formation of a cluster of honeybees
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Free, J. B. and Butler, C. G. 1955. An analysis of the factors involved in the formation of a cluster of honeybees. Behaviour. 7 (1), pp. 304-316. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853955X00111
Report of the Bee Department 1953
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1954. Report of the Bee Department 1953. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 126-131.
The method and importance of the recognition by a colony of honeybees (A. mellifera) of the presence of its queen
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1954. The method and importance of the recognition by a colony of honeybees (A. mellifera) of the presence of its queen. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 105 (2), pp. 11-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1954.tb00773.x
The Importance of ‘Queen Substance’ in the Life of a Honeybee Colony
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1954. The Importance of ‘Queen Substance’ in the Life of a Honeybee Colony. Bee World. 35 (9), pp. 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1954.11096690
Report of the Bee Department 1952
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1953. Report of the Bee Department 1952. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 121-128.
Report of the Bee Department 1951
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1952. Report of the Bee Department 1951. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 108-113.
The behaviour of worker honeybees at the hive entrance
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. and Free, J. B. 1952. The behaviour of worker honeybees at the hive entrance. Behaviour. 4 (4), pp. 262-292.
Report of the Bee Department 1950
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1951. Report of the Bee Department 1950. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 96-100.
The importance of perfume in the discovery of food by the worker honeybee (Apis-mellifera L)
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1951. The importance of perfume in the discovery of food by the worker honeybee (Apis-mellifera L). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 138 (892), pp. 403-413. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1951.0032
Report of the Bee Department 1949
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1950. Report of the Bee Department 1949. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 80-85.
A new design of microsyringe tip for the instrumental insemination of queen honey-bees
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1950. A new design of microsyringe tip for the instrumental insemination of queen honey-bees. Nature. 166 (4231), pp. 957-958. https://doi.org/10.1038/166957a0
Report of the Bee Department 1948
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1949. Report of the Bee Department 1948. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 70-75.
Bee behaviour
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1949. Bee behaviour. Nature. 163 (4134), pp. 120-122. https://doi.org/10.1038/163120a0
Report of the Bee Department 1947
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1948. Report of the Bee Department 1947. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 60-62.
Report of the Bee Department 1946
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1947. Report of the Bee Department 1946. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 70-72.
Report of the Bee Department for the years 1939-1945
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1947. Report of the Bee Department for the years 1939-1945. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. pp. 194 - 205.
Bee culture in the United States of America - USA
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1946. Bee culture in the United States of America - USA. Journal of the Ministry of Agriculture.
Further investigations on the value of electric heating of beehives
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1946. Further investigations on the value of electric heating of beehives. Annals of Applied Biology - AAB. 33 (3), pp. 310-313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1946.tb06319.x
The provision of supplementary food to hive bees
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1946. The provision of supplementary food to hive bees. Annals of Applied Biology - AAB. 33 (3), pp. 307-309. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1946.tb06318.x
The influence of various physical and biological factors of the environment on honeybee activity - an examination of the relationship between activity and nectar concentration and abundance
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1945. The influence of various physical and biological factors of the environment on honeybee activity - an examination of the relationship between activity and nectar concentration and abundance. Journal Of Experimental Biology. 21 (1-2), pp. 5-12.
The incidence and distribution of some diseases of the adult honeybee (Apis-mellifera L) in England and Wales
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1945. The incidence and distribution of some diseases of the adult honeybee (Apis-mellifera L) in England and Wales. Annals of Applied Biology - AAB. 32 (4), pp. 344-351. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1945.tb06265.x
Experiments on the poisoning of honeybees by insecticidal and fungicidal sprays used in orchards
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G., Finney, D. J. and Schiele, P. 1943. Experiments on the poisoning of honeybees by insecticidal and fungicidal sprays used in orchards. Annals of Applied Biology - AAB. 30 (2), pp. 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1943.tb06173.x
The behaviour of a population of honeybees on an artificial and on a natural crop
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G., Jeffree, E. P. and Kalmus, H. 1943. The behaviour of a population of honeybees on an artificial and on a natural crop. Journal Of Experimental Biology. 20 (1), pp. 65-73.
Preliminary investigations on the value of electric heating of beehives
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. and Cockbill, G. F. 1942. Preliminary investigations on the value of electric heating of beehives. Annals of Applied Biology - AAB. 29 (1), pp. 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1942.tb06919.x
The influence of various physical and biological factors of the environment on honeybee activity. An examination of the relationship between activity and solar radiation
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. and Finney, D. J. 1942. The influence of various physical and biological factors of the environment on honeybee activity. An examination of the relationship between activity and solar radiation. Journal Of Experimental Biology. 18 (3), pp. 206-212.
A possible new cure for acarine disease of honeybees
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1941. A possible new cure for acarine disease of honeybees. Nature. 148 (3742), p. 86. https://doi.org/10.1038/148086a0
A study of the frequency with which honeybees visit red clover (trifolium pratense), together with an examination of the environmental conditions
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1941. A study of the frequency with which honeybees visit red clover (trifolium pratense), together with an examination of the environmental conditions. Annals of Applied Biology - AAB. 28 (2), pp. 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1941.tb07546.x
The choice of drinking water by the honeybee
A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Butler, C. G. 1940. The choice of drinking water by the honeybee. Journal Of Experimental Biology. 17 (3), pp. 253-261.
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