Identification of a non-host semiochemical from miniature pinscher, Canis lupus familiaris, that repels Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae)

It is already known that the beagle breed of domestic dogs produces semiochemicals capable of repelling the brown
dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.). With a view to discovering new non-host semiochemicals as tick
repellents, we compared the semiochemicals produced by a putative tick-resistant breed of dog, miniature pinscher,
with known tick-resistant (beagle) and tick-susceptible (English cocker spaniel) breeds. Two non-host compounds
produced by beagles, i.e. 2-hexanone and benzaldehyde, were shown to be present in volatile samples collected from
all three breeds. Furthermore, two compounds, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, were found in
higher amounts in volatile samples collected from miniature pinscher dogs. The mean amounts of benzaldehyde, 2-
hexanone and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were similar for beagles and miniature pinschers and higher than the means
observed for cocker spaniels, whereas the mean amount of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one produced by miniature pinschers
was significantly higher than for the other breeds of dogs. In Petri-dish assays with adult R. sanguineus, 6-methyl-5-
hepten-2-one was repellent for all observation periods evaluated for the two highest concentrations (0.100 and 0.200
mg.cm-2). Our results support our hypothesis that miniature pinschers are a tick-resistant dog breed and agree with
previous observations of miniature pinschers being the breed least parasitized by ticks. Furthermore, the non-host
semiochemical 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one has potential to be developed for use as a repellent for the protection of
susceptible dogs from R. sanguineus s.l. ticks.