The value of calcium nitrate and urea for spring-sown cereals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A., Williams, R. J. B. and Cooke, G. W. 1959. The value of calcium nitrate and urea for spring-sown cereals. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 52 (2), pp. 200-206. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600036698

Related outputs

Effects of previous crop, sowing date, and winter and spring applications of nitrogen on the growth, nitrogen uptake and yield of winter wheat

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Milford, G. F. J., Penny, A., Prew, R. D., Darby, R. J. and Todd, A. D. 1993. Effects of previous crop, sowing date, and winter and spring applications of nitrogen on the growth, nitrogen uptake and yield of winter wheat. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 121 (1), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600076735

Effects of seven factors on the growth and yield of winter barley grown as a third consecutive take-all susceptible crop and of growing the barley after oats or a fallow

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Jenkyn, J. F., Carter, N., Darby, R. J., Gutteridge, R. J., Mullen, L. A., Plumb, R. T., Ross, G. J. S., Todd, A. D., Widdowson, F. V. and Wood, D. W. 1992. Effects of seven factors on the growth and yield of winter barley grown as a third consecutive take-all susceptible crop and of growing the barley after oats or a fallow. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 119 (3), pp. 303-333. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600012168

Uptake of foliar-applied urea by winter-wheat (Triticum aestivum) the influence of application time and the use of a new 15N technique.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Powlson, D. S., Poulton, P. R., Moller, N. E., Hewitt, M. V., Penny, A. and Jenkinson, D. S. 1989. Uptake of foliar-applied urea by winter-wheat (Triticum aestivum) the influence of application time and the use of a new 15N technique. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 48 (4), pp. 429-440. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740480405

The intercontinental transfer of plant nutrients.

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Cooke, G. W. 1988. The intercontinental transfer of plant nutrients. Nutrient balances and the need for potassium. Proceedings 13th IPI Congress, Rheims, 1986. Worblaufen-Bern : IPI. pp. 267-287

Nutrient balances and the need for potassium in humid tropical regions.

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Cooke, G. W. 1988. Nutrient balances and the need for potassium in humid tropical regions. Nutrient balances and the need for potassium. Proceedings 13th IPI Congress, Rheims, 1986. Worblaufen-Bern : IPI. pp. 17-35

Contrast between sandy and clay soils in the effects of various factors on the growth, nitrogen uptake and yield of winter wheat in three years.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Thorne, G. N., Welbank, P. J., Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Todd, A. D. 1988. Contrast between sandy and clay soils in the effects of various factors on the growth, nitrogen uptake and yield of winter wheat in three years. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 110 (1), pp. 119-140. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600079764

Modern Agriculture : the role of science and technology.

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Cooke, G. W. 1988. Modern Agriculture : the role of science and technology. Kidma : Journal of Development. 10, pp. 9-13.

Variation between years in growth and nutrient uptake after anthesis of winter wheat on Broadbalk field at Rothamsted, 1969-84

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Thorne, G. N., Darby, R. J., Day, W., Lane, P. W., Welbank, P. J. and Widdowson, F. V. 1988. Variation between years in growth and nutrient uptake after anthesis of winter wheat on Broadbalk field at Rothamsted, 1969-84. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 110 (3), pp. 543-559. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600082125

Yield limiting factors and their correlation in the systems of agriculture.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1987. Yield limiting factors and their correlation in the systems of agriculture. Vestnik Sel'skokhozyaistvennoi Nauki (Moscow, USSR). 2, pp. 123-130.

The role and importance of potassium in the agricultural systems of the humid tropics: the way forward.

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Cooke, G. W. 1987. The role and importance of potassium in the agricultural systems of the humid tropics: the way forward.

Amounts of NO3-N and NH4-N in soil, from autumn to spring, under winter wheat and their relationship to soil type, sowing date, previous crop and N uptake at Rothamsted, Woburn and Saxmundham, 1979-85.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A., Darby, R. J., Bird, E. and Hewitt, M. V. 1987. Amounts of NO3-N and NH4-N in soil, from autumn to spring, under winter wheat and their relationship to soil type, sowing date, previous crop and N uptake at Rothamsted, Woburn and Saxmundham, 1979-85. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 108 (1), pp. 73-95. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600064145

Tests of nitrification and of urease inhibitors, when applied with either solid or aqueous urea, on grass grown on a light sandy soil.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Rodgers, G. A., Penny, A., Widdowson, F. V. and Hewitt, M. V. 1987. Tests of nitrification and of urease inhibitors, when applied with either solid or aqueous urea, on grass grown on a light sandy soil. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 108 (1), pp. 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600064170

Yield limiting factors and their correlation in the systems of agriculture.

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Cooke, G. W. 1987. Yield limiting factors and their correlation in the systems of agriculture. Vestnik Sel'skohozajstvennoj Nauki/VASHNIL. No.2, pp. 124-130.

Fertilizer use efficiency Maximising fertiliser efficiency by overcoming constraints to crop growth.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1987. Fertilizer use efficiency Maximising fertiliser efficiency by overcoming constraints to crop growth. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 10 (9/16), pp. 1357-1369. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904168709363668

Recovery of 15N-labelled urea applied to the foliage of winter wheat.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Powlson, D. S., Poulton, P. R., Penny, A. and Hewitt, M. V. 1987. Recovery of 15N-labelled urea applied to the foliage of winter wheat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 41 (3), pp. 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740410302

Potassium in the agricultural systems of the humid tropics. An introduction to the Colloquium.

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Cooke, G. W. 1987. Potassium in the agricultural systems of the humid tropics. An introduction to the Colloquium.

Some factors affecting the growth and yield of winter wheat grown as a third cereal with much or negligible take-all

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Prew, R. D., Beane, J., Carter, N., Church, B. M., Dewar, A. M., Lacey, J., Penny, A., Plumb, R. T., Thorne, G. N. and Todd, A. D. 1986. Some factors affecting the growth and yield of winter wheat grown as a third cereal with much or negligible take-all. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 107 (3), pp. 639-671. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600069811

Atmospheric deposition at Rothamsted, Saxmundham and Woburn Experimental Stations, England, 1969-1984.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Goulding, K. W. T., Poulton, P. R., Thomas, V. H. and Williams, R. J. B. 1986. Atmospheric deposition at Rothamsted, Saxmundham and Woburn Experimental Stations, England, 1969-1984. Water Air And Soil Pollution. 29 (1), pp. 27-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00149327

The effects of sowing date and other factors on growth, yield and nitrogen uptake, and on the incidence of pests and diseases, of winter barley at Rothamsted from 1981 to 1983.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Darby, R. J., Dewar, A. M., Jenkyn, J. F., Kerry, B. R., Lawlor, D. W., Plumb, R. T., Ross, G. J. S., Scott, G. C., Todd, A. D. and Wood, D. W. 1986. The effects of sowing date and other factors on growth, yield and nitrogen uptake, and on the incidence of pests and diseases, of winter barley at Rothamsted from 1981 to 1983. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 106, pp. 551-574. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063437

The relationship of soil mineral NO3-N with NO3-N concentration, and of fertilizer -N with the amount of nitrogen taken up by winter wheat, in experiments testing nitrogen fertilizer in combination with aphicide and fungicides, from 1980 to 1982.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Darby, R. J., Widdowson, F. V., Bird, E. and Hewitt, M. V. 1986. The relationship of soil mineral NO3-N with NO3-N concentration, and of fertilizer -N with the amount of nitrogen taken up by winter wheat, in experiments testing nitrogen fertilizer in combination with aphicide and fungicides, from 1980 to 1982. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 106, pp. 497-507. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063383

A comparison of the effects of prilled urea, used alone or with a nitrification or urease inhibitor, with those of 'Nitro-Chalk' on winter oil-seed rape.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Rodgers, G. A., Penny, A. and Hewitt, M. V. 1986. A comparison of the effects of prilled urea, used alone or with a nitrification or urease inhibitor, with those of 'Nitro-Chalk' on winter oil-seed rape. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 106 (3), pp. 515-526. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063401

Results from experiments on winter barley measuring the effects of amount and timing of nitrogen and some other factors on the yield and nitrogen content of the grain

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penny, A., Widdowson, F. V. and Jenkyn, J. F. 1986. Results from experiments on winter barley measuring the effects of amount and timing of nitrogen and some other factors on the yield and nitrogen content of the grain. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 106 (3), pp. 537-549. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063425

Phosphorus and potassium problems in plant production, and how to solve them.

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Cooke, G. W. 1986. Phosphorus and potassium problems in plant production, and how to solve them.

Nitrates in surface and underground waters.

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Cooke, G. W. 1986. Nitrates in surface and underground waters. SPAN. 29, pp. 10-11.

The interaction between the supplies of water and of nutrients available to crops: implications for practical progress and for scientific work.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1986. The interaction between the supplies of water and of nutrients available to crops: implications for practical progress and for scientific work. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences. 316 (1537), pp. 331-346. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1986.0012

Some factors limiting the growth and yield of winter-wheat and their variation in 2 seasons

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Prew, R. D., Church, B. M., Dewar, A. M., Lacey, J., Magan, N., Penny, A., Plumb, R. T., Thorne, G. N., Todd, A. D. and Williams, T. D. 1985. Some factors limiting the growth and yield of winter-wheat and their variation in 2 seasons. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 104 (1), pp. 135-162. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600043070

Tests of amounts and times of application of nitrogen and of sequential sprays of aphicide and fungicides on winter wheat, following either beans or wheat, and the effects of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici ), on two varieties at Saxmundham, Suffolk 1980-3

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A., Gutteridge, R. J., Darby, R, J. and Hewitt, M. V. 1985. Tests of amounts and times of application of nitrogen and of sequential sprays of aphicide and fungicides on winter wheat, following either beans or wheat, and the effects of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici ), on two varieties at Saxmundham, Suffolk 1980-3. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 105, pp. 97-122. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600055775

Effects of nitrification inhibitors on uptakes of mineralised nitrogen and on yields of winter cereals grown on sandy soil after ploughing old grassland

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Rogers, G. A., Penny, A. and Hewitt, M. V. 1985. Effects of nitrification inhibitors on uptakes of mineralised nitrogen and on yields of winter cereals grown on sandy soil after ploughing old grassland. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 36 (10), pp. 915-924. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740361003

Pesquisas dos fatores que limitam os rendimentos e sua importancia no desenvolvimento de sistemas agricolas.

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Cooke, G. W. 1985. Pesquisas dos fatores que limitam os rendimentos e sua importancia no desenvolvimento de sistemas agricolas.

Introduction The nitrogen requirement of cereals : proceedings of a conference organised by ADAS September 1982

B - Book chapters etc edited externally

Cooke, G. W. 1984. Introduction The nitrogen requirement of cereals : proceedings of a conference organised by ADAS September 1982. in: In : The nitrogen requirement of cereals : proceedings of a conference organised by ADAS September 1982 London HMSO. pp. 1-4

The effect of sowing date and of leaching on soil nitrogen supply for winter wheat at Rothamsted and Woburn 1981

B - Book chapters etc edited externally

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A., Darby, R. J. and Bird, E. 1984. The effect of sowing date and of leaching on soil nitrogen supply for winter wheat at Rothamsted and Woburn 1981. in: In : The nitrogen requirement of cereals : proceedings of a conference organised by ADAS September 1982 London HMSO. pp. 125-128

The application of soil science to increasing soil productivity

B - Book chapters etc edited externally

Cooke, G. W. 1984. The application of soil science to increasing soil productivity. in: Tinsley, J. and Darbyshire, J. F. (ed.) Biologial processes and soil fertility Netherlands W. Junk.

The application of soil science to increasing soil productivity

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1984. The application of soil science to increasing soil productivity. Conference of Commissions III (Soil Biology) and IV (Soil fertility and plant nutrition) of the ISSS.

Constraints on crop production - opportunities for chemical-industry

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1984. Constraints on crop production - opportunities for chemical-industry. Chemistry & Industry. (20), pp. 730-737.

Comparisons between the establishment, growth and yield of winter-wheat on 3 clay soils, in experiments testing nitrogen-fertilizer in combination with aphicide and fungicides, from 1980 to 1982

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Darby, R. J., Widdowson, F. V. and Hewitt, M. V. 1984. Comparisons between the establishment, growth and yield of winter-wheat on 3 clay soils, in experiments testing nitrogen-fertilizer in combination with aphicide and fungicides, from 1980 to 1982. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 103 (DEC), pp. 595-611. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600043720

Comparison of the effects of aqueous and of prilled urea, used alone or with urease or nitrification inhibitors, with those of ''Nitro-Chalk'' on ryegrass leys

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Rodgers, G. A., Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Hewitt, M. V. 1984. Comparison of the effects of aqueous and of prilled urea, used alone or with urease or nitrification inhibitors, with those of ''Nitro-Chalk'' on ryegrass leys. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 103 (3), pp. 671-685. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063401

Assessing the need of maincrop potatoes for late nitrogen by using isobutylidene di-urea by injecting nitrification inhibitors with aqueous N fertilizers and by dividing dressings of "Nitro-chalk"

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penny, A., Addiscott, T. M. and Widdowson, F. V. 1984. Assessing the need of maincrop potatoes for late nitrogen by using isobutylidene di-urea by injecting nitrification inhibitors with aqueous N fertilizers and by dividing dressings of "Nitro-chalk". The Journal of Agricultural Science. 103 (3), pp. 577-585. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600043707

A mutragya-felhasznalas es -hatekonysag, valamint a talajtermekenyseg kutatasanak fejlodese.

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Cooke, G. W. 1984. A mutragya-felhasznalas es -hatekonysag, valamint a talajtermekenyseg kutatasanak fejlodese. Agrokemia es talajtan. 33, pp. 518-538.

The nitrogen requirement of cereals

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. 1983. The nitrogen requirement of cereals. Journal of Soil Science. 385, pp. 97-103.

Relationship between n concentration of grain and grain-yield in recent winter-wheat experiments in England and Belgium, some with large yields

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Benzian, B., Darby, R. J., Lane, P., Widdowson, F. V. and Verstraeten, L. M. J. 1983. Relationship between n concentration of grain and grain-yield in recent winter-wheat experiments in England and Belgium, some with large yields. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 34 (7), pp. 685-695. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740340704

Experiments with solid and liquid N-fertilizers and fungicides on winter wheat at Saxmundham, Suffolk, 1976–9

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penny, A., Widdowson, F. V. and Jenkyn, J. F. 1983. Experiments with solid and liquid N-fertilizers and fungicides on winter wheat at Saxmundham, Suffolk, 1976–9. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 100 (1), pp. 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600032573

Effects of several nitrification inhibitors, when injected with aqueous urea, on yields and nitrogen recoveries of ryegrass leys

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Rodgers, G. A., Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Hewitt, M. V. 1983. Effects of several nitrification inhibitors, when injected with aqueous urea, on yields and nitrogen recoveries of ryegrass leys. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 101 (DEC), pp. 637-656. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600038673

Effects of eight factors on the growth and nutrient-uptake of winter-wheat and on the incidence of pests and diseases

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Prew, R. D., Church, B. M., Dewar, A. M., Lacey, J., Penny, A., Plumb, R. T., Thorne, G. N., Todd, A. D. and Williams, T. D. 1983. Effects of eight factors on the growth and nutrient-uptake of winter-wheat and on the incidence of pests and diseases. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 100 (2), pp. 363-382. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600033529

Results from the Woburn Reference Experiment, III. Yields of the Crops and Recoveries of N, P, K, and Mg from Manures and Soil, 1975-79

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Hewitt, M. V. 1982. Results from the Woburn Reference Experiment, III. Yields of the Crops and Recoveries of N, P, K, and Mg from Manures and Soil, 1975-79. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1981 (2), pp. 5-21.

Maximising wheat yields, and some causes of yield variation

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Tinker, P. B. and Widdowson, F. V. 1982. Maximising wheat yields, and some causes of yield variation. Proceedings - Fertiliser Society, London. 211, pp. 149-184.

Results from factorial experiments testing amounts and times of granular N-fertilizer, late sprays of liquid N-fertilizer and fungicides to control mildew and brown rust on two varieties of spring barley at Saxmundham, Suffolk 1975–8

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Jenkyn, J. F. and Penny, A. 1982. Results from factorial experiments testing amounts and times of granular N-fertilizer, late sprays of liquid N-fertilizer and fungicides to control mildew and brown rust on two varieties of spring barley at Saxmundham, Suffolk 1975–8. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 99 (2), pp. 377-390. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600030173

Results from an experiment on permanent grass evaluating the cumulative effects of aqueous urea, injected alone or with a nitrification inhibitor, with those of nitro-chalk

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Ashworth, J., Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A., Gibbs, A. J., Hodgkinson, R. A. and Hewitt, M. V. 1982. Results from an experiment on permanent grass evaluating the cumulative effects of aqueous urea, injected alone or with a nitrification inhibitor, with those of nitro-chalk. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 98 (FEB), pp. 141-154. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600041216

Seventh Boyd Orr memorial lecture. Managing the mineral cycle

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1981. Seventh Boyd Orr memorial lecture. Managing the mineral cycle. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 40 (3), pp. 295-314. https://doi.org/10.1079/pns19810046

Results from the Rothamsted Reference Experiment II. Yields of the Crops and Recoveries of N, P and K from Manures and Soil, 1971-75

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Bird, E. 1980. Results from the Rothamsted Reference Experiment II. Yields of the Crops and Recoveries of N, P and K from Manures and Soil, 1971-75. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1979 (2), pp. 63-75.

Results from the Rothamsted reference experiment II Yields of the crops and recoveries of N, P and K from manures and soil 1971-1975

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Bird, E. 1980. Results from the Rothamsted reference experiment II Yields of the crops and recoveries of N, P and K from manures and soil 1971-1975. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1979 (2), pp. 63-75.

Multifactorial experimentation on continuous winter-wheat grown in sandy clay soil at Saxmundham, Suffolk

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Johnston, A. E. and Penny, A. 1980. Multifactorial experimentation on continuous winter-wheat grown in sandy clay soil at Saxmundham, Suffolk. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 94 (FEB), pp. 155-170. https://doi.org/10.1017/s002185960002801x

An experiment begun in 1958 measuring effects of n, p and k fertilizers on yield and n, p and k contents of grass .2. Residual effects on arable crops, 1968-76

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penny, A., Widdowson, F. V. and Williams, R. J. B. 1980. An experiment begun in 1958 measuring effects of n, p and k fertilizers on yield and n, p and k contents of grass .2. Residual effects on arable crops, 1968-76. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 95 (DEC), pp. 583-595. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600087992

An experiment begun in 1958 measuring effects of n, p and k fertilizers on yield and n, p and k contents of grass .1. Effects during 1964-7

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penny, A., Widdowson, F. V. and Williams, R. J. B. 1980. An experiment begun in 1958 measuring effects of n, p and k fertilizers on yield and n, p and k contents of grass .1. Effects during 1964-7. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 95 (DEC), pp. 575-582. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600087980

The effects of injecting nitrapyrin (n-serve), carbon disulphide or trithiocarbonates, with aqueous ammonia, on yield and percent-n of grass

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Ashworth, J., Penny, A., Widdowson, F. V. and Briggs, G. G. 1980. The effects of injecting nitrapyrin (n-serve), carbon disulphide or trithiocarbonates, with aqueous ammonia, on yield and percent-n of grass. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 31 (3), pp. 229-237. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740310303

Results from an Experiment on All-grass and Grass-clover Leys at Saxmundham, 1969-76, and Changes in Soil pH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium due to Cropping and Manuring

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Johnston, A. E., Poulton, P. R. and Williams, R. J. B. 1979. Results from an Experiment on All-grass and Grass-clover Leys at Saxmundham, 1969-76, and Changes in Soil pH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium due to Cropping and Manuring. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1978 (2), pp. 99-117.

Results from the Woburn Reference Experiment II. Yields of the Crops and Recoveries of N, P, K and Mg from Manures and Soil, 1970-74

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1979. Results from the Woburn Reference Experiment II. Yields of the Crops and Recoveries of N, P, K and Mg from Manures and Soil, 1970-74. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1978 (2), pp. 67-82.

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1968

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1979. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1968. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1968 (Part 1), pp. 38-62. https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-123

Rothamsted studies of soil structure V Comparative measurements of density, stability, strength, and water-holding capacity of soils from the denchworth, evesham, ragdale, hanslope, salop and flint series

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B. 1979. Rothamsted studies of soil structure V Comparative measurements of density, stability, strength, and water-holding capacity of soils from the denchworth, evesham, ragdale, hanslope, salop and flint series. Journal of Soil Science. 30 (3), pp. 453-461. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1979.tb01000.x

Effects of Management and Manuring on Physical Properties of some Rothamsted and Woburn Soils

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B. 1978. Effects of Management and Manuring on Physical Properties of some Rothamsted and Woburn Soils. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1977 (2), pp. 37-54.

Spring top-dressings of ‘Nitro-Chalk’ and late sprays of a liquid N-fertilizer and a broad spectrum fungicide for consecutive crops of winter wheat at Saxmundham, Suffolk

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penny, A., Widdowson, F. V. and Jenkyn, J. F. 1978. Spring top-dressings of ‘Nitro-Chalk’ and late sprays of a liquid N-fertilizer and a broad spectrum fungicide for consecutive crops of winter wheat at Saxmundham, Suffolk. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 90 (3), pp. 509-516. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600056021

Longevity of sodium, potassium and magnesium fertilizer residual effects on yield and composition of ryegrass grown on a sandy soil

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Bolton, J. and Penny, A. 1978. Longevity of sodium, potassium and magnesium fertilizer residual effects on yield and composition of ryegrass grown on a sandy soil. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 91 (3), pp. 693-699. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600060093

Results from an experiment on permanent grass evaluating aqueous ammonia and aqueous urea, injected in bands either 30 or 60 cm apart

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penny, A., Widdowson, F. V. and Ashworth, J. 1977. Results from an experiment on permanent grass evaluating aqueous ammonia and aqueous urea, injected in bands either 30 or 60 cm apart. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 88 (APR), pp. 319-331. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600034821

Results from two sets of experiments with spring barley, first comparing injected with broadcast nitrogen granules, second comparing injected and combine-drilled NPK solutions with broadcast NPK granules

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1977. Results from two sets of experiments with spring barley, first comparing injected with broadcast nitrogen granules, second comparing injected and combine-drilled NPK solutions with broadcast NPK granules. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 88 (FEB), pp. 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600033748

Experiments evaluating aqueous ammonia, aqueous urea and a solution of ammonium-nitrate and urea as nitrogenous fertilizers for winter-wheat

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1977. Experiments evaluating aqueous ammonia, aqueous urea and a solution of ammonium-nitrate and urea as nitrogenous fertilizers for winter-wheat. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 89 (OCT), pp. 415-424. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600028343

The chemical composition of water from land drainage at Saxmundham and Woburn (1970-1975)

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B. 1976. The chemical composition of water from land drainage at Saxmundham and Woburn (1970-1975). Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1975 (2), pp. 37-62.

The chemical composition of rain, land drainage, and borehole water from Rothamsted, Broom's barn, Saxmundham, and Woburn Experimental Stations

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B. 1976. The chemical composition of rain, land drainage, and borehole water from Rothamsted, Broom's barn, Saxmundham, and Woburn Experimental Stations. Technical Bulletin Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food. 32, pp. 174-200.

Review of the effects of agriculture on the chemical composition and quality of surface and underground waters

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1976. Review of the effects of agriculture on the chemical composition and quality of surface and underground waters. MAFF Technical Bulletin. 32, pp. 5-57.

Results from two barley experiments at Saxmundham, Suffolk, measuring effects of the fungicide benodanil on three varieties, given three amounts of nitrogen at two times 1973–4

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Jenkyn, J. F. and Penny, A. 1976. Results from two barley experiments at Saxmundham, Suffolk, measuring effects of the fungicide benodanil on three varieties, given three amounts of nitrogen at two times 1973–4. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 86 (2), pp. 271-280. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600054721

Long-term fertilizer experiments in England - significance of their results for agricultural science and for practical farming

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1976. Long-term fertilizer experiments in England - significance of their results for agricultural science and for practical farming. Annales Agronomiques. 27 (5-6), pp. 503-536.

The influence of soil type and manuring on measurements of physical properties and nutrient status of some British soils

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B. 1975. The influence of soil type and manuring on measurements of physical properties and nutrient status of some British soils. Technical Bulletin Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food. 29, pp. 324-343.

Sources of protein for people and livestock; the amounts now available and future prospects

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1975. Sources of protein for people and livestock; the amounts now available and future prospects. Fertilizer Use and Protein Production. 2385 (38.7), p. 29.

Results from experiments measuring effects of large amounts of an npk fertilizer on yield, tuber size and n, p and k contents of 3 potato varieties

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1975. Results from experiments measuring effects of large amounts of an npk fertilizer on yield, tuber size and n, p and k contents of 3 potato varieties. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 85 (DEC), pp. 515-525. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600062390

Results from two experiments with winter wheat, comparing top-dressings of a liquid N-fertilizer either alone or with added herbicide or mildew fungicide or both, and of 'Nitro-Chalk' without or with herbicide or fungicide or both

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penny, A. and Jenkyn, J. F. 1975. Results from two experiments with winter wheat, comparing top-dressings of a liquid N-fertilizer either alone or with added herbicide or mildew fungicide or both, and of 'Nitro-Chalk' without or with herbicide or fungicide or both. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 85 (3), pp. 533-539. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600062419

Energy costs of nitrogen fertilizers used in Britain, returns received, and some savings possible

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1975. Energy costs of nitrogen fertilizers used in Britain, returns received, and some savings possible. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 26 (3), pp. 371-372.

The energy costs of nitrogen fertilizers used in Britain, returns received and some savings that are possible

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1975. The energy costs of nitrogen fertilizers used in Britain, returns received and some savings that are possible. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 26 (8), pp. 1065-1069. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740260803

Effects of potato cyst nematodes on potato plants .4. Effects of fertilizers and heterodera-rostochiensis on yield of 2 susceptible varieties

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Trudgill, D. L., Parrott, D. M., Evans, K. and Widdowson, F. V. 1975. Effects of potato cyst nematodes on potato plants .4. Effects of fertilizers and heterodera-rostochiensis on yield of 2 susceptible varieties. Nematologica. 21 (3), pp. 281-286. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529275x00031

Crop nutrition and soil fertility

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1975. Crop nutrition and soil fertility. Nutrition Reports International. 11 (1), pp. 86-87.

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1973

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1974. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1973. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1973 (1), pp. 43-66.

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1974

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1974. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1974. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1974 (1), pp. 75-92.

The achievement of ten tears' work at Saxmundham Experimental Station

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1974. The achievement of ten tears' work at Saxmundham Experimental Station. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1974 (2), pp. 187-195.

A talajtermékenység tanulmányozásának fejlődése Angliában

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1974. A talajtermékenység tanulmányozásának fejlődése Angliában. Agrokemia es talajtan. 23 (1/2), pp. 177-190.

Mutragyak az angol mezogazdasagban a jelenlegi gyakorlat es a jovo lehetosegei

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1974. Mutragyak az angol mezogazdasagban a jelenlegi gyakorlat es a jovo lehetosegei. Agrokemia es talajtan. 23 (1/2), pp. 191-202.

Results of the IPI colloquia at Uppsala Landshut and Abidjan and an introduction to the congress

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1974. Results of the IPI colloquia at Uppsala Landshut and Abidjan and an introduction to the congress. Proceedings Colloquium International Potash Institute . 10, pp. 29-49.

Results from experiments with winter-wheat, spring barley and grass, comparing a liquid N-fertilizer either alone or with added herbicide and top-dressings of nitro-chalk without or with herbicide sprayed alone

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Penny, A. and Freeman, S. C. R. 1974. Results from experiments with winter-wheat, spring barley and grass, comparing a liquid N-fertilizer either alone or with added herbicide and top-dressings of nitro-chalk without or with herbicide sprayed alone. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 83 (3), pp. 511-529. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600027003

Results from experiments measuring residues of nitrogen fertilizer given for sugar-beet, and of ploughed-in sugar-beet tops, on yield of following barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. 1974. Results from experiments measuring residues of nitrogen fertilizer given for sugar-beet, and of ploughed-in sugar-beet tops, on yield of following barley. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 83 (DEC), pp. 415-421. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600026885

Results from experiments measuring effects of large amounts of fertilizer and of farmyard manure on main-crop potatoes grown in sandy soil at Woburn, Bedfordshire

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Flint, R. C. 1974. Results from experiments measuring effects of large amounts of fertilizer and of farmyard manure on main-crop potatoes grown in sandy soil at Woburn, Bedfordshire. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 82 (FEB), pp. 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600050292

The chemical composition of British agricultural liming materials

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Margaret Chater and Williams, R. J. B. 1974. The chemical composition of British agricultural liming materials. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 82 (APR), pp. 193-205. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600059074

Changes in the Nutrient Reserves of the Rothamsted and Woburn Reference Experiment Soils

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B. 1973. Changes in the Nutrient Reserves of the Rothamsted and Woburn Reference Experiment Soils. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1972 (2), pp. 86-101.

Yields and N, P and K Contents of the Crops Grown in the Rothamsted Reference Experiment, 1956-70,

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1973. Yields and N, P and K Contents of the Crops Grown in the Rothamsted Reference Experiment, 1956-70, . Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1972 (2), pp. 111-130.

Results from experiments with wheat and barley measuring the effects of paths on yield

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. 1973. Results from experiments with wheat and barley measuring the effects of paths on yield. Experimental husbandry. 23, pp. 16-20.

The possibilities of polluting soil by fertilisers and the way they are used

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1973. The possibilities of polluting soil by fertilisers and the way they are used. Fertilisation et pollution des sols. pp. 561-583.

The present and future use of fertilisers on grassland

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1973. The present and future use of fertilisers on grassland. The George Scott Robertson Memorial Lecture.

It pays to treat pastures well

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1973. It pays to treat pastures well. Dairy Farmer. (October), p. pp2.

Soils and fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1973. Soils and fertilizers. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 134, pp. 101-113.

Significance of man-made sources of phosphorus - fertilizers and farming - phosphorus involved in agricultural systems and possibilities of its movement into natural water

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. and Williams, R. J. B. 1973. Significance of man-made sources of phosphorus - fertilizers and farming - phosphorus involved in agricultural systems and possibilities of its movement into natural water. Water Research. 7 (1-2), pp. 19-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(73)90150-4

Results from experiments comparing aqueous and anhydrous ammonia with nitrochalk for grass cut for silage

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Flint, R. C. 1973. Results from experiments comparing aqueous and anhydrous ammonia with nitrochalk for grass cut for silage. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 81 (DEC), pp. 465-480. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600086524

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1971

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1972. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1971. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1971 (1), pp. 54-76.

Problems with cultivations and soil structure at Saxmundham

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. and Williams, R. J. B. 1972. Problems with cultivations and soil structure at Saxmundham. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1971 (2), pp. 122-148.

Experiments on herbage crops at Saxmundham, 1967-71

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B. and Cooke, G. W. 1972. Experiments on herbage crops at Saxmundham, 1967-71. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1971 (2), pp. 95-121.

Results from the Woburn Reference Experiment, 1960-1969

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1972. Results from the Woburn Reference Experiment, 1960-1969. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1971 (2), pp. 69-94.

Results from an experiment comparing aqueous ammonia with Nitro-Chalk for grazed grass

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Flint, R. C. 1972. Results from an experiment comparing aqueous ammonia with Nitro-Chalk for grazed grass. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 79 (2), pp. 341-348. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600032330

Results from barley experiments comparing aqueous ammonia and aqueous urea with ammonium nitrate, and also liquid with granular NPK fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Flint, R. C. 1972. Results from barley experiments comparing aqueous ammonia and aqueous urea with ammonium nitrate, and also liquid with granular NPK fertilizers. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 79 (2), pp. 349-361. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600032342

Frederick Charles Bawden a review of Rothamsted during his Directorship 1958-1972

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1971. Frederick Charles Bawden a review of Rothamsted during his Directorship 1958-1972. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1971 (1), pp. 25-46.

Relationships Between the Composition of Soils and Physical Measurements Made on Them

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B. 1971. Relationships Between the Composition of Soils and Physical Measurements Made on Them. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1970 (Part 2), pp. 5-35. https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-34799

The Chemical Composition of Water from Land Drains at Saxmundham and Woburn, and the Influence of Rainfall Upon Nutrient Losses

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B. 1971. The Chemical Composition of Water from Land Drains at Saxmundham and Woburn, and the Influence of Rainfall Upon Nutrient Losses. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1970 (Part 2), pp. 36-67. https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-34800

Results of the rotation I Experiment at Saxmundham Experimental Station 1964-69

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B. and Cooke, G. W. 1971. Results of the rotation I Experiment at Saxmundham Experimental Station 1964-69. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. (Part 2), pp. 68-97. https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-34801

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1970

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1971. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1970. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1970 (Part 1), pp. 36-63. https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-125

Manuring potatoes

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. 1971. Manuring potatoes. Handbook on farm crop production - Potatoes Shell Star Ltd. 3, p. pp16.

Potassium for grassland : present use and future possibilities

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1971. Potassium for grassland : present use and future possibilities. Colloquium of the Potassium Institute. 1, p. pp10.

Value and valuation of fertilizer residues

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1971. Value and valuation of fertilizer residues. MAFF Technical Bulletin. 20, pp. 296-317.

Fertilisers and society - Seventh Francis new memorial lecture

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1971. Fertilisers and society - Seventh Francis new memorial lecture. Proceedings - Fertiliser Society, London. 121, pp. 1-48.

Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers. III. Immediate and residual values of potassium metaphosphate and magnesium ammonium phosphate for potatoes, radishes, barley and ryegrass

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Mattingly, G. E. G., Penny, A. and Blakemore, M. 1971. Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers. III. Immediate and residual values of potassium metaphosphate and magnesium ammonium phosphate for potatoes, radishes, barley and ryegrass. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 76, pp. 131-141. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600015677

The Agdell experiment - Estimates of the P and K accumulated from fertiliser dressings given between 1848-1951 their recovery by grass between 1958 and 1970 and their effect on the response by grass to new dressings of P and K

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Johnston, A. E. and Penny, A. 1971. The Agdell experiment - Estimates of the P and K accumulated from fertiliser dressings given between 1848-1951 their recovery by grass between 1958 and 1970 and their effect on the response by grass to new dressings of P and K. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1970 (2), pp. 38-68.

The Effects of Partially Sterilising Agricultural Soils With Formalin, and of Applying Nitrogen Fertilisers, on the Yields and N Contents of Spring and Winter Wheat, of Barley and of Grass

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1970. The Effects of Partially Sterilising Agricultural Soils With Formalin, and of Applying Nitrogen Fertilisers, on the Yields and N Contents of Spring and Winter Wheat, of Barley and of Grass. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1969 (Part 2), pp. 113-134. https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-34866

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1969

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1970. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1969. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1969, pp. 41-71. https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-124

Anhydrous ammonia-yields and recoveries by spring wheat.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1970. Anhydrous ammonia-yields and recoveries by spring wheat. Anhydrous Ammonia. Proceedings of a Symposium on Aspects of its Technology and Use as a Fertilizer.. pp. 61-66.

The effects of three crops and of the N fertilizer given to them on the yield of following barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1970. The effects of three crops and of the N fertilizer given to them on the yield of following barley. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 74 (3), pp. 511-522. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600017639

The carrying capacity of the land in the year 2000

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1970. The carrying capacity of the land in the year 2000. Institute of Biology Symposium. 19.

Soils and fertilisers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1970. Soils and fertilisers. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 131, pp. 107-128.

Soil fertility problems in cereal growing in temperate zones

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1970. Soil fertility problems in cereal growing in temperate zones. Proceedings Congress of the International Potash Institute. 9, pp. 123-133.

Losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural land

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. and Williams, R. J. B. 1970. Losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural land. Water treatment and examination. 19, pp. 253-276.

The value of residues from long-period manuring at Rothamsted and Woburn IV The value to arable crops of residues accumulated from superphosphate

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Johnston, A. E., Warren, R. G. and Penny, A. 1970. The value of residues from long-period manuring at Rothamsted and Woburn IV The value to arable crops of residues accumulated from superphosphate. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1969 (Part 2), pp. 39-68. https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-34863

The value of residues from long-period manuring at Rothamsted and Woburn V The value to arable crops of residues accumulated from potassium fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Johnston, A. E., Warren, R. G. and Penny, A. 1970. The value of residues from long-period manuring at Rothamsted and Woburn V The value to arable crops of residues accumulated from potassium fertilizers. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1969 (Part 2), pp. 69-90. https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-34864

The rapid determination of nitrate in crops, soils, drainage and rainwater by a simple field method using diphenylamine or diphenylbenzidine with glass fibre paper

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B. 1969. The rapid determination of nitrate in crops, soils, drainage and rainwater by a simple field method using diphenylamine or diphenylbenzidine with glass fibre paper. Chemistry & Industry. pp. 1735-1736.

Effects on barley and kale of NPK fertilizers containing differing proportions of urea and ammonium nitrate, and either triple superphosphate or mono-urea phosphate

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1969. Effects on barley and kale of NPK fertilizers containing differing proportions of urea and ammonium nitrate, and either triple superphosphate or mono-urea phosphate. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 73 (1), pp. 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600024205

Fertilisers in 2000 AD Phosphorus in agriculture

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1969. Fertilisers in 2000 AD Phosphorus in agriculture. Phosphorus in agriculture Bulletin Document. 53, pp. 1-13.

Plant nutrient cycles

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1969. Plant nutrient cycles. Proceedings International Potash Institute. 7, pp. 75-95.

Using chemicals to increase soil productivity

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1969. Using chemicals to increase soil productivity. Chemistry & Industry. 26, pp. 45-54.

The Saxmundham Experiments

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1968. The Saxmundham Experiments. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1967, pp. 235-248. https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-120

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1967

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1968. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1967. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1967, pp. 37-64. https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-120

The effect of traces of beryllium on the growth of kale, grass, and mustard

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B. and Le Riche, H. H. 1968. The effect of traces of beryllium on the growth of kale, grass, and mustard. Plant and Soil. 29 (2), pp. 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01348950

Why starve grass ?

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. 1968. Why starve grass ? Dairy Farmer. (supplement).

Results of an experiment at Rothamsted testing farmyard manure and N, P and K fertilizers on five arable crops and permanent grass III. Yields 1961–1965

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1968. Results of an experiment at Rothamsted testing farmyard manure and N, P and K fertilizers on five arable crops and permanent grass III. Yields 1961–1965. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 70 (1), pp. 53-58. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600017184

Soils and fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1968. Soils and fertilizers. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 129, pp. 128-148.

Soil fertility problems in cereal growing

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1968. Soil fertility problems in cereal growing. CERES The journal of the Home-Grown Cereals Authority. 2, pp. 3-6.

How serious is soil compaction?

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1968. How serious is soil compaction? Arable Farmer. January, pp. 16-19.

Future trends in the use of fertilisers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1968. Future trends in the use of fertilisers. Proceedings Fertiliser Association of Ireland. 1, pp. 1-25.

The forms and amounts of fertilizers used in the UK and possible changes that may affect methods of applications

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1968. The forms and amounts of fertilizers used in the UK and possible changes that may affect methods of applications. Meeting Institute of Agricultural Engineers, Cambridge. Spring (March).

The effects of potassium and magnesium fertilizers on yield and composition of successive crops of ryegrass, clover, sugar beet, potatoes, kale and barley on sandy soil at Woburn

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Bolton, J. and Penny, A. 1968. The effects of potassium and magnesium fertilizers on yield and composition of successive crops of ryegrass, clover, sugar beet, potatoes, kale and barley on sandy soil at Woburn. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 70 (3), pp. 303-311. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600012624

Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers I. Immediate value of dicalcium phosphate, nitrophosphates, Gafsa rock phosphate, basic slag and potassium metaphosphate for barley and ryegrass

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Mattingly, G. E. G. and Penny, A. 1968. Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers I. Immediate value of dicalcium phosphate, nitrophosphates, Gafsa rock phosphate, basic slag and potassium metaphosphate for barley and ryegrass. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 70, pp. 131-138.

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1966

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1967. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1966. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1966, pp. 37-62,353-360.

Results of an experiment at Woburn testing farmyard manure and N, P and K fertilizers on five arable crops and a long ley: I. Yields

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1967. Results of an experiment at Woburn testing farmyard manure and N, P and K fertilizers on five arable crops and a long ley: I. Yields. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 68 (1), pp. 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600017901

Experiments comparing the effects on yields of potatoes of three methods of applying three amounts of NPK fertilizer and the residual effects on following winter wheat

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Williams, R. J. B. 1967. Experiments comparing the effects on yields of potatoes of three methods of applying three amounts of NPK fertilizer and the residual effects on following winter wheat. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 69 (2), pp. 247-257. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600018657

Experiments measuring effects of ammonium and nitrate fertilizers, with and without sodium and potassium, on spring barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Williams, R. J. B. 1967. Experiments measuring effects of ammonium and nitrate fertilizers, with and without sodium and potassium, on spring barley. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 69 (2), pp. 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600018591

Results of an experiment at Woburn testing farmyard manure and N, P and K fertilizers on five arable crops and on a long ley: II. N, P and K removed by the crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Williams, R. J. B. 1967. Results of an experiment at Woburn testing farmyard manure and N, P and K fertilizers on five arable crops and on a long ley: II. N, P and K removed by the crops. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 68 (2), pp. 293-300. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600016361

The effects of changes in soil compaction and porosity on germination, establishment and yield of barley and globe beet

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Kubota, T. and Williams, R. J. B. 1967. The effects of changes in soil compaction and porosity on germination, establishment and yield of barley and globe beet. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 68 (2), pp. 227-233. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600016270

The value of urea nitrate and urea phosphate as nitrogen fertilizers for grass and barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Gasser, J. K. R. and Penny, A. 1967. The value of urea nitrate and urea phosphate as nitrogen fertilizers for grass and barley. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 67 (1), pp. 139-146. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600016555

The availability of plant nutrients in soils and their uptake by crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1967. The availability of plant nutrients in soils and their uptake by crops. Report East Malling Research Station. 1966, pp. 48-69.

Advice on using fertilizers 1861-1967

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1967. Advice on using fertilizers 1861-1967. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 128, pp. 107-124.

Value and valuation of fertilizer residues

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1967. Value and valuation of fertilizer residues. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 128, pp. 7-25.

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1965

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1966. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1965. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1965, pp. 39-69, 322-328.

Taking the break off cereal yields

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1966. Taking the break off cereal yields. Arable farmer. (November), pp. 10-12.

The effects of potassium fertilizers on quality of sugar beet

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Draycott, A. P. and Cooke, G. W. 1966. The effects of potassium fertilizers on quality of sugar beet. Potassium Symposium 1966 - IPI.

An experiment measuring effects of N, P and K fertilizers on yield and N, P and K contents of grazed grass

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Williams, R. J. B. 1966. An experiment measuring effects of N, P and K fertilizers on yield and N, P and K contents of grazed grass. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 67 (1), pp. 121-128. https://doi.org//10.1017/S0021859600067654

Ammonia as a fertiliser

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Gasser, J. K. R. and Widdowson, F. V. 1966. Ammonia as a fertiliser. Journal of the Institute of Corn and Agricultural Merchants - ICAM. (Winter), pp. 1-4.

The chemical control of soil fertility

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1966. The chemical control of soil fertility. Soil Science and Agrochemistry . 1 (3).

Fit the fertilizer to the crop

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1966. Fit the fertilizer to the crop. Farmer & Stockbreeder. April, pp. 47-54.

The relationship of classification of soils with their properties and fertility

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1966. The relationship of classification of soils with their properties and fertility. Soil Science and Agrochemistry. 1 (2), pp. 121-133.

The responses of crops to phosphate fertilizers in relation to soluble phosphorus in soils

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1966. The responses of crops to phosphate fertilizers in relation to soluble phosphorus in soils. MAFF Technical Bulletin. 13, pp. 64-74.

Soil fertility in intensive agriculture

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1966. Soil fertility in intensive agriculture. SPAN. 9 (1).

Soils and fertilizers - recent soil research

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1966. Soils and fertilizers - recent soil research. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 127, pp. 128-145.

Taking the brake off cereal yields

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1966. Taking the brake off cereal yields. Arable Farmer. November.

The basis for modern manuring. Devon County Agricultural Association lecture

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1966. The basis for modern manuring. Devon County Agricultural Association lecture. Seale Hayne Agricultural College. pp. 1-27.

Phosphorus and potassium fertilisers : their forms and their places in agriculture

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1966. Phosphorus and potassium fertilisers : their forms and their places in agriculture. Proceedings - Fertiliser Society, London. 92, pp. 1-45.

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1964

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1965. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1964. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1964, pp. 39-72, 315-323.

Experiments measuring the residual effects of nitrogen fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1965. Experiments measuring the residual effects of nitrogen fertilizers. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 65 (2), pp. 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185960008391X

An experiment measuring effects of N, P and K fertilizers on yield and N, P and K contents of grass

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Williams, R. J. B. 1965. An experiment measuring effects of N, P and K fertilizers on yield and N, P and K contents of grass. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 64 (1), pp. 93-100. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600010522

Experiments comparing concentrated and dilute NPK fertilizers and four nitrogen fertilizers on a range of crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Williams, R. J. B. 1965. Experiments comparing concentrated and dilute NPK fertilizers and four nitrogen fertilizers on a range of crops. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 65 (1), pp. 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185960008535X

Soils and fertilizers - Soil surveys in Great Britain

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1965. Soils and fertilizers - Soil surveys in Great Britain. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 126, pp. 154-174.

Principles of manuring

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1965. Principles of manuring. ICAM Journal. Spring.

Using nitrogen to regulate growth

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1965. Using nitrogen to regulate growth. Dairy Farmer. 12 (Feb Supplement), pp. 41-43.

Changes in the Park Grass experiment

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Warren, R. G., Johnston, A. E. and Cooke, G. W. 1965. Changes in the Park Grass experiment. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1964, pp. 224-228.

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1963

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1964. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1963. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1963, pp. 38-63, 266-273.

The basis of modern manuring

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1964. The basis of modern manuring. Devon County Agricultural Association Lecture. pp. 1-27.

An experiment comparing responses to nitrogen fertilizer of four grass species Part II Residual effects in wheat and barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Williams, R. J. B. 1964. An experiment comparing responses to nitrogen fertilizer of four grass species Part II Residual effects in wheat and barley. Experimental husbandry. 11, pp. 22-30.

Experiments comparing liquid and solid fertilisers for grass and kale

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1964. Experiments comparing liquid and solid fertilisers for grass and kale. Experimental husbandry. 10, pp. 97-100.

Experiments comparing broadcast and combine drilled dressings of several NPK fertilizers for spring barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1964. Experiments comparing broadcast and combine drilled dressings of several NPK fertilizers for spring barley. Experimental husbandry. 14, pp. 83-97.

Experiments testing P and K fertilizers on lucerne 1952-1957

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Williams, R. J. B. 1964. Experiments testing P and K fertilizers on lucerne 1952-1957. Experimental husbandry. 10, pp. 39-45.

Side-placing urea and other nitrogen fertilizers for spring barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Williams, R. J. B. 1964. Side-placing urea and other nitrogen fertilizers for spring barley. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 62 (1), pp. 73-82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600059803

Soils and fertilizers - sulphur

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1964. Soils and fertilizers - sulphur. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 125, pp. 142-169.

What about liquids - liquid fertilisers for grassland

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1964. What about liquids - liquid fertilisers for grassland. Dairy Farmer. Supplement (March).

Nitrogen fertilisers their place in food production the forms which are made and their efficiencies

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1964. Nitrogen fertilisers their place in food production the forms which are made and their efficiencies. Proceedings - Fertiliser Society, London. 80, pp. 3-88.

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1962

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1963. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1962. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1962, pp. 40-70, 262-269.

Magnesium in soils and crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1963. Magnesium in soils and crops. Soils and fertilizers. 124, pp. 137-160.

Fertilizer availability

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1963. Fertilizer availability. Proceedings of the British Crop Protection Council. 2, pp. 50-54.

A new method for measuring soil stability

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B. 1963. A new method for measuring soil stability. Chemistry & Industry. pp. 1032-1033.

An experiment comparing responses to nitrogen fertilizer of four grass species

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Williams, R. J. B. 1963. An experiment comparing responses to nitrogen fertilizer of four grass species. Experimental husbandry. 9, pp. 28-36.

Experiments comparing yield, and residual effects on winter wheat, of 1-year clover, rye-grass and clover-rye-grass leys

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Williams, R. J. B. 1963. Experiments comparing yield, and residual effects on winter wheat, of 1-year clover, rye-grass and clover-rye-grass leys. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 61 (3), pp. 397-408. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600018128

General principles governing the potassium manuring of grassland

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1963. General principles governing the potassium manuring of grassland. Regional conference of the Internatinal Potash Institute. 1, pp. 71-82.

Results of an experiment at Rothamsted testing farmyard manure and N, P and K fertilizers on five arable crops I. Yields

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Cooke, G. W. 1963. Results of an experiment at Rothamsted testing farmyard manure and N, P and K fertilizers on five arable crops I. Yields. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 60 (3), pp. 347-352. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185960001193X

Results of an experiment at Rothamsted testing farmyard manure and N, P and K fertilizers on five arable crops II. Nutrients removed by crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B., Cooke, G. W. and Widdowson, F. V. 1963. Results of an experiment at Rothamsted testing farmyard manure and N, P and K fertilizers on five arable crops II. Nutrients removed by crops. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 60 (3), pp. 353-357. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600011941

Residual value of superphosphate and rock phosphate on an acid soil I. Yields and phosphorus uptakes in the field

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Mattingly, G. E. G. and Widdowson, F. V. 1963. Residual value of superphosphate and rock phosphate on an acid soil I. Yields and phosphorus uptakes in the field. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 60 (3), pp. 399-407. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600012004

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1961

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1962. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1961. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1961, pp. 42-64, 250-255.

Applying fertilizers for spring barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. 1962. Applying fertilizers for spring barley. Annals of Applied Biology - AAB. 50 (2), pp. 356-360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1962.tb06029.x

Experiments with nitrogen and potash on potatoes

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1962. Experiments with nitrogen and potash on potatoes. Experimental husbandry. 8, pp. 30-39.

An experiment comparing urea-formaldehyde fertilizer with nitro-chalk for Italian ryegrass

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Williams, R. J. B. 1962. An experiment comparing urea-formaldehyde fertilizer with nitro-chalk for Italian ryegrass. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 59 (2), pp. 263-268. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185960001529X

Timing and placement of fertilisers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1962. Timing and placement of fertilisers. World crops. (April), pp. 1-5.

Soil potassium

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1962. Soil potassium. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 123, pp. 134-156.

Saving by soil testing - preparing for spring-soil cereals and mixtures for undersowing

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1962. Saving by soil testing - preparing for spring-soil cereals and mixtures for undersowing. Farming Express.

Nitrogen the key to grass production

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1962. Nitrogen the key to grass production. Dairy Farmer.

Liquid fertilisers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1962. Liquid fertilisers. ICAM Journal - Journal of the Institue of Corn Agricultural Merchants. 10, pp. 19-21.

Fruits of research in fertiliser use

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1962. Fruits of research in fertiliser use . SPAN. 5 (2), pp. 1-4.

Chemical Aspects of Soil fertility

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1962. Chemical Aspects of Soil fertility. Soils and fertilizers. 25, pp. 417-420.

Assessing the capabilities of soils for producing crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1962. Assessing the capabilities of soils for producing crops. International Soil Conference New Zealand.

Measuring soluble phosphorus in soils, comparisons of methods, and interpretation of results

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B. and Cooke, G. W. 1962. Measuring soluble phosphorus in soils, comparisons of methods, and interpretation of results. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 59 (2), pp. 275-280. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600015318

Comparisons between methods of measuring soluble phosphorus and potassium in soils used for fertilizer experiments on sugar beet

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Warren, R. G. and Cooke, G. W. 1962. Comparisons between methods of measuring soluble phosphorus and potassium in soils used for fertilizer experiments on sugar beet. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 59 (2), pp. 269-274. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600015306

The Rothamsted Ley-arable Rotation Experiment

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Boyd, D. A., Cooke, G. W., Dyke, G. V., Moffatt, J. R. and Warren, R. G. 1962. The Rothamsted Ley-arable Rotation Experiment. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1961, pp. 173-180. https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-94

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1960

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1961. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1960. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1960, pp. 43-75, 275-278.

Applying nitrogen fertilizers for spring barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Williams, R. J. B. 1961. Applying nitrogen fertilizers for spring barley. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 56 (1), pp. 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600023789

Autumn nitrogen for winter wheat

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Williams, R. J. B. 1961. Autumn nitrogen for winter wheat. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 57 (3), pp. 329-334. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600049297

Experiments with nitrogen and potash on barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Williams, R. J. B. 1961. Experiments with nitrogen and potash on barley. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 57 (1), pp. 29-33. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600049972

The use of nitrogen fertilizers in Britain and their effects on the yield and composition of crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1961. The use of nitrogen fertilizers in Britain and their effects on the yield and composition of crops. Agrochimica. 5 (3), pp. 189-206.

Soils and fertilizers : Trace elements : Cobalt an essential nutrient for some legumes

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1961. Soils and fertilizers : Trace elements : Cobalt an essential nutrient for some legumes. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 122, pp. 150-174.

Some effects of farmyard manure and of grass residues on soil structure

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B. and Cooke, G. W. 1961. Some effects of farmyard manure and of grass residues on soil structure. Soil Science. 92 (1), pp. 30-39.

Fertilizers for grassland

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1960. Fertilizers for grassland. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 121, pp. 170-191.

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1959

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1960. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1959. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1959, pp. 38-60, 243-249.

Fertilizer placement

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. 1960. Fertilizer placement. NAAS Quarterly Review. 48, pp. 147-150.

Experiments with urea on spring barley.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Penny, A. 1960. Experiments with urea on spring barley. Experimental husbandry. 5, pp. 22-26.

Comparisons of casein and formalized casein with ammonium sulphate, calcium nitrate and urea for Italian ryegrass

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Shaw, K. 1960. Comparisons of casein and formalized casein with ammonium sulphate, calcium nitrate and urea for Italian ryegrass. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 55 (1), pp. 53-59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600021602

The use of fertilisers on grassland

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1960. The use of fertilisers on grassland . Monograph - Society of Chemical Industry. 9, pp. 5-18.

Soils and fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1960. Soils and fertilizers. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England.

The right place for fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1960. The right place for fertilizers. Practical power farming. (March), p. 2pp.

Optimum fertilizer dressings for agricultural crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1960. Optimum fertilizer dressings for agricultural crops. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 121, pp. 21-33.

Prediction of nitrogen requirements of arable crops on mainly arable cropping systems

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1960. Prediction of nitrogen requirements of arable crops on mainly arable cropping systems. MAFF Technical bulletin. 15.

The value of calcium nitrate and urea for main-crop potatoes and kale

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A., Williams, R. J. B. and Cooke, G. W. 1960. The value of calcium nitrate and urea for main-crop potatoes and kale. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 55 (1), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600021560

Effects of fertilisers and farmyard manure on the copper, manganese, molybdenum and zinc removed by arable crops at Rothamsted

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Williams, R. J. B., Stojkovska, A., Cooke, G. W. and Widdowson, F. V. 1960. Effects of fertilisers and farmyard manure on the copper, manganese, molybdenum and zinc removed by arable crops at Rothamsted. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 11 (10), pp. 570-575. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740111004

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1958

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1959. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1958. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1958, pp. 41-60, 236-239.

The effects of nitrogen upon three stiff-strawed winter wheat varieties

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. 1959. The effects of nitrogen upon three stiff-strawed winter wheat varieties . The Journal of Agricultural Science. 53 (1), pp. 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600030872

Fertilizers, crop production and soil fertility

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1959. Fertilizers, crop production and soil fertility. Farmers Club Journal. 1 (5), pp. 50-67.

Soils and fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1959. Soils and fertilizers. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 120, pp. 126-144.

Field experiments on phosphate fertilizers. A joint investigation

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. and Widdowson, F. V. 1959. Field experiments on phosphate fertilizers. A joint investigation. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 53 (1), pp. 46-63. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600030914

Comparisons between combine-drilling and broadcasting muriate of potash for spring barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A., Williams, R. J. B. and Cooke, G. W. 1959. Comparisons between combine-drilling and broadcasting muriate of potash for spring barley. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 53 (1), pp. 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600030860

Manuring experiments on flax

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. and Warren, R. G. 1959. Manuring experiments on flax. Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 27 (107), pp. 171-186.

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1957

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1958. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1957. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1957, pp. 45-64, 262-268.

The nation's plant food larder

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1958. The nation's plant food larder. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 9 (12), pp. 761-772. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740091201

Recent advances in the efficient use of fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1958. Recent advances in the efficient use of fertilizers. ICAM Journal - Journal of the Corn Agricultual Merchants. p. pp10.

Soils and fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1958. Soils and fertilizers. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 119, pp. 105-121.

Comparisons between placing and broadcasting of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for potatoes, peas, beans, kale and maize

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Cooke, G. W. 1958. Comparisons between placing and broadcasting of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for potatoes, peas, beans, kale and maize. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 51 (1), pp. 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600032780

Nitrogen fertilizers for spring barley and wheat

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V. and Cooke, G. W. 1958. Nitrogen fertilizers for spring barley and wheat. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 50 (3), pp. 312-321. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600031518

Micro-nutrients in fertilisers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Stojkovska, A. and Cooke, G. W. 1958. Micro-nutrients in fertilisers. Chemistry & Industry. 42 (22 Sept), pp. 1368-1368.

Field experiments on concentrated organic nitrogen fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Warren, R. G., Cooke, E. H. and Cooke, G. W. 1958. Field experiments on concentrated organic nitrogen fertilizers. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 50 (3), pp. 273-283. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600031476

Soil nitrogen. III.—Mineralizable nitrogen determined by an incubation technique

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. and Cunningham, R. K. 1958. Soil nitrogen. III.—Mineralizable nitrogen determined by an incubation technique. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 9 (6), pp. 324-330. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740090602

Soil nitrogen. II.—Changes in levels of inorganic nitrogen in a clay‐loam soil caused by fertilizer additions, by leaching and uptake by grass

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cunningham, R. K. and Cooke, G. W. 1958. Soil nitrogen. II.—Changes in levels of inorganic nitrogen in a clay‐loam soil caused by fertilizer additions, by leaching and uptake by grass. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 9 (6), pp. 317-324. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740090601

Observations on the development of Heterodera rostochiensis Woll. in sterile root cultures

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Doncaster, C. C., Fenwick, D. W. and Widdowson, F. V. 1958. Observations on the development of Heterodera rostochiensis Woll. in sterile root cultures. Nematologica. 3 (4), pp. 308-314. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529258X00076

The value of nitrophosphate fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W., Mattingly, G. E. G. and Widdowson, F. V. 1958. The value of nitrophosphate fertilizers. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 50 (3), pp. 253-259. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600031440

Changes in the soil of a long-continued field experiment at Saxmundham, Suffolk

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W., Mattingly, G. E. G. and Williams, R. J. B. 1958. Changes in the soil of a long-continued field experiment at Saxmundham, Suffolk. Journal of Soil Science. 9 (2), pp. 298-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1958.tb01921.x

Uptake of phosphorus from P32-labelled superphosphate by field crops Part II. Comparison of placed and broadcast applications to barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Mattingly, G. E. G. and Widdowson, F. V. 1958. Uptake of phosphorus from P32-labelled superphosphate by field crops Part II. Comparison of placed and broadcast applications to barley. Plant and Soil. 10 (2), pp. 161-175. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01394262

Uptake of phosphorus from P³²-labelled superphosphate by field crops: part I Effects of simultaneous application of non-radioactive phosphorus fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Mattingly, G. E. G. and Widdowson, F. V. 1958. Uptake of phosphorus from P³²-labelled superphosphate by field crops: part I Effects of simultaneous application of non-radioactive phosphorus fertilizers. Plant and Soil. 9 (3), pp. 286-304.

Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1956

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1957. Rothamsted Chemistry Department 1956. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report. 1956, pp. 42-59, 237-244.

The value of fertilizer placement

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1957. The value of fertilizer placement. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 118, pp. 37-49.

Soils and fertilizers - soil organic matter, deep cultivations, trace elements, manuring of crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1957. Soils and fertilizers - soil organic matter, deep cultivations, trace elements, manuring of crops. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 118, pp. 131-146.

Report on 1956 experiments on winter and spring sown cereals comparing methods of application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers and forms of nitrogen fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Cooke, G. W. 1957. Report on 1956 experiments on winter and spring sown cereals comparing methods of application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers and forms of nitrogen fertilizers.

The value of mid-season top-dressings of nitrogen fertilizer for main-crop potatoes

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W., Widdowson, F. V. and Wilcox, J. C. 1957. The value of mid-season top-dressings of nitrogen fertilizer for main-crop potatoes. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 49 (1), pp. 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600034341

Investigations on soil nitrogen I The influence of nitrogen fertilizers and rainfall on soil nitrate concentrations

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W., Bates, J. A. R. and Tinker, P. B. 1957. Investigations on soil nitrogen I The influence of nitrogen fertilizers and rainfall on soil nitrate concentrations. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 8 (4), pp. 248-252. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740080411

Fertiliser placement for horticultural crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1956. Fertiliser placement for horticultural crops. The Commercial Grower. (21 Sept), p. 2pp.

The value of rock phosphate for direct application

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1956. The value of rock phosphate for direct application. Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 24 (96), pp. 295-306.

Soils and fertilizers - soil analysis, soil structure, progress in the use of fertilizers, manuring of crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1956. Soils and fertilizers - soil analysis, soil structure, progress in the use of fertilizers, manuring of crops. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 117, pp. 113-129.

Field experiments on phosphate fertilizers A joint investigation

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1956. Field experiments on phosphate fertilizers A joint investigation. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 48 (1), pp. 74-103. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600030331

The effect of some silicate slags on the utilization of soil and fertilizer phosphorus

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1956. The effect of some silicate slags on the utilization of soil and fertilizer phosphorus. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 7 (1), pp. 56-61. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740070111

Fertilizer placement

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1956. Fertilizer placement. Outlook on Agriculture. 1 (2), pp. 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1177/003072705600100202

The value of nitrophosphate for spring-sown cereals

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. and Widdowson, F. V. 1956. The value of nitrophosphate for spring-sown cereals. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 47 (1), pp. 112-116. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600039824

Report on 1956 experiments comparing placing and broadcasting of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for potatoes, peas, beans, kale and maize

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Widdowson, F. V., Penny, A. and Cooke, G. W. 1956. Report on 1956 experiments comparing placing and broadcasting of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for potatoes, peas, beans, kale and maize.

Comparisons of ammonium sulphate, calcium nitrate, and urea for potatoes and kale

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W., Penny, A. and Widdowson, F. V. 1956. Comparisons of ammonium sulphate, calcium nitrate, and urea for potatoes and kale. ARC Conference on Fertilisers.

Fertilizer placement for horticultural crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W., Jackson, M. V., Widdowson, F. V. and Wilcox, J. C. 1956. Fertilizer placement for horticultural crops. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 47 (2), pp. 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600040181

The use of 32 P labelled fertilizers to measure superphosphate equivalents of fertilizers in field and pot experiments

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Mattingly, G. E. G. and Widdowson, F. V. 1956. The use of 32 P labelled fertilizers to measure superphosphate equivalents of fertilizers in field and pot experiments . Des Rapports presentes au congres international de las science du sol VIth Paris. pp. 461-470.

The performances of fertilizer distributors used in field experiments

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1955. The performances of fertilizer distributors used in field experiments. Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 23 (91/92), pp. 244-250.

Making the best use of fertilizers The right place and time

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1955. Making the best use of fertilizers The right place and time. The Times Agriculture Review. Spring, p. pp3.

Make good what the rain washed out

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1955. Make good what the rain washed out. Farmers & Stock-breeder. 1955 (Feb 15).

Performances of fertilizer distributors used in field experiments

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1955. Performances of fertilizer distributors used in field experiments. Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture.

Fertilizers make good waht the rain washed out

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1955. Fertilizers make good waht the rain washed out. Farmer and Stock-breeder.

Alternatives to superphosphate

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1955. Alternatives to superphosphate. Agriculture: the journal of the Ministry of Agriculture. 62, pp. 27-30.

Field experiments on phosphate fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1955. Field experiments on phosphate fertilizers. NAAS Quarterly Review. 27 (Spring), pp. 95-105.

Fertilizer placement for arable and herbage crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. and Widdowson, F. V. 1955. Fertilizer placement for arable and herbage crops. Field Crop Abstracts. 8 (November), pp. 233-237.

The value of sewage‐sludge ashes as phosphorus fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. and Nixon, H. L. 1955. The value of sewage‐sludge ashes as phosphorus fertilizers. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 6 (2), pp. 79-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740060203

Residual effects of phosphate fertilizers on a Wealden soil

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. and Gasser, J. K. R. 1955. Residual effects of phosphate fertilizers on a Wealden soil. Journal of Soil Science. 6 (2), pp. 248-253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1955.tb00848.x

Off to a good start - with phosphate

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1954. Off to a good start - with phosphate. Farmers & Stock-breeder. 1954 (Sept 7), pp. 70-71.

Design of fertilizer distributors and their mechanisms

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1954. Design of fertilizer distributors and their mechanisms. Journal of ISAE. 10, pp. 1-14.

Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers in North-Western Europe

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1954. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers in North-Western Europe. Proceedings - Fertiliser Society, London. 27, pp. 1-46.

Off to a good start

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1954. Off to a good start. Farmer and Stock-breeder.

Recent advances in fertilizer placement II Fertilizer placement in England

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1954. Recent advances in fertilizer placement II Fertilizer placement in England. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 5 (9), pp. 429-440. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740050907

Recent developments in the use of fertilisers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1954. Recent developments in the use of fertilisers. Agricultural progress. 29 (2), pp. 110-120.

Placement of fertilizers for potatoes planted by machines

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W., Jackson, M. V. and Widdowson, F. V. 1954. Placement of fertilizers for potatoes planted by machines. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 44 (3), pp. 327-339. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600044804

The importance of organic matter in crop production

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. and Garner, H. V. 1954. The importance of organic matter in crop production. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 115, pp. 27-40.

Fertilizer placement experiments on green peas

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Bullen, E. R., Dadd, C. V. and Cooke, G. W. 1954. Fertilizer placement experiments on green peas. Agriculture: the journal of the Ministry of Agriculture. 61, pp. 19-22.

Fertiliser placement for threshed peas

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1953. Fertiliser placement for threshed peas. The British Farmer. 1953 (Feb), p. pp1.

Placement drills are costly - but they pay

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. and Chalmers, G. R. 1953. Placement drills are costly - but they pay. Farmers & Stock-breeder. 1953 (Feb 24), pp. 24-25.

The correlation of easily soluble phosphorus in soils with responses of crops to dressings of phosphate fertilizers

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1953. The correlation of easily soluble phosphorus in soils with responses of crops to dressings of phosphate fertilizers. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 4 (8), pp. 353-363. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740040801

Methods of applying fertilizers for herbage crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. and Widdowson, F. V. 1953. Methods of applying fertilizers for herbage crops. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 43 (3), pp. 358-364. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600057555

Placement of fertilizers for row crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. and Widdowson, F. V. 1953. Placement of fertilizers for row crops. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 43 (3), pp. 348-357. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600057543

Rothamsted experiments on field beans 1. Manuring and cultivation of field beans

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Boyd, D. A., Cooke, G. W., Garner, H. V. and Moffatt, J. R. 1952. Rothamsted experiments on field beans 1. Manuring and cultivation of field beans. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 113, pp. 55-69.

Fixation of phosphate during the acid extraction of soils

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1951. Fixation of phosphate during the acid extraction of soils. Journal of Soil Science. 2 (2), pp. 254-262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1951.tb00607.x

How to apply fertilizers for sugar beet

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1951. How to apply fertilizers for sugar beet. British Sugar Beet Review. 20 (Dec), pp. 65-70.

The mechanical application of fertilizers in field experiments

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1951. The mechanical application of fertilizers in field experiments. Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 19 (75), pp. 160-174.

Fertilizer placement machinery

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1951. Fertilizer placement machinery. Journal Institute of British Agricultural Engineers. July, pp. 3-7.

Placement of fertilizers for sugar beet

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1951. Placement of fertilizers for sugar beet. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 41 (1-2), pp. 174-178. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600058664

Methods of applying fertilizer to potatoes planted by machines

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1950. Methods of applying fertilizer to potatoes planted by machines. Agriculture: the journal of the Ministry of Agriculture. 56 (1), pp. 571-573.

Fertiliser placement

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1949. Fertiliser placement . Proceedings - Fertiliser Society, London. 6, pp. 1-15.

Apparatus for fertilizer placement field work

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1949. Apparatus for fertilizer placement field work. Chemistry & Industry. 36, pp. 615-618.

Recent developments in fertiliser placement

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1949. Recent developments in fertiliser placement . Farming. August, pp. 1-3.

Placement of fertilizers for row crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1949. Placement of fertilizers for row crops. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 39 (4), pp. 359-373. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600004639

Placement of fertilizer for potatoes

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1949. Placement of fertilizer for potatoes. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 39 (1), pp. 96-103. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600004342

Fertilizer placement experiments

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1949. Fertilizer placement experiments . Agricultural Engineering Record. Summer, pp. 1-3.

The agriculture use of sewage and sludge composts

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1948. The agriculture use of sewage and sludge composts. Technical Bulletin Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food. (7), p. pp18.

Fertilizer placement field work

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cooke, G. W. 1947. Fertilizer placement field work. Agricultural Engineering Record. Summer, pp. 1-4.