Understanding insect predator–prey interactions using camera trapping: A review of current research and perspectives

Cameras are increasingly used by ecologists to study species distribution and interactions. They are mainly used to study large animals such as mammals but can also be used to record small invertebrates, including insects.
Camera traps, capturing images within a specified field of view, can be used for biomonitoring and investigating insect-related interactions, such as predation. Understanding predation on insect prey has direct implications for agriculture and conservation biology, enabling predator species identification and quantification of biological control.
This review examines 28 studies published between 1988 and March 2024 focusing on the use of cameras to monitor insect predator–prey interactions, predominantly targeting agricultural pests. Studies varied in recording equipment used and tended to be spatially and temporally limited, making results difficult to generalise at larger scale.
We provide an overview of equipment options, camera settings, the merits of video versus picture recording, night-time imaging strategies, trigger mechanisms, equipment costs, and strategies for managing theft and vandalism. Additionally, we discuss avenues for improving image processing efficiency, including enhancing predator identification through artificial intelligence methods. Challenges related to limitations in the taxonomic levels of predator identification are also addressed.
Finally, we offer guidelines for researchers interested in using camera technology and propose future perspectives on their use in insect conservation and biocontrol efforts.