Caatinga Microbiome Initiative: disentangling the soilmicrobiome across areas under desertification andrestoration in the Brazilian drylands

The Caatinga biome in Brazil is renowned for its rich aboveground biodiversity. However, approximately 19% of this biomehas experienced desertification, severely affecting the soil microbiome. Monitoring these microbial communities is essentialto understanding the impacts of desertification and the potential outcomes of restoration efforts. The Caatinga MicrobiomeInitiative aims to assess the soil microbiome in areas undergoing desertification and those under restoration in the Braziliandrylands. This initiative seeks to explore the core microbial communities and their functions, including overlooked groups suchas protists, nematodes, and viruses across native, desertified, and restored areas. We believe that two approaches should beused simultaneously in the study of microbiomes in areas undergoing desertification. First, the use of the soil microbiome asa bioindicator of soil quality in both desertified and restored lands. Second, the manipulation of the microbiome to facilitate soilrestoration. By understanding soil microbiome responses to desertification and restoration, we can develop targeted restorationstrategies to enhance biodiversity and promote functional recovery in desertified areas.