The effect of expectancy versus actual gluten intake on gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms in non-coeliac gluten sensitivity - a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international, multicentre study

De Graaf, M. C. G., Lawton, C. L., Croden, F., Smolinska, A., Winkens, B., Hesselink, M. A. M., Van Rooy, G., Weegels, P. L., Shewry, Peter, Houghton, L. A., +5 more...Witteman, B. J. M., Keszthelyi, D., Brouns, F. J. P. H., Dye, L. and Jonkers, D. M. A. E. (2023) The effect of expectancy versus actual gluten intake on gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms in non-coeliac gluten sensitivity - a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international, multicentre study. Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 9 (2). pp. 110-123. 10.1016/S2468-1253(23)00317-5

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Many individuals without coeliac disease or wheat allergy reduce their gluten intake because they believe that gluten causes their gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms could be affected by negative expectancy. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of expectancy versus actual gluten intake on symptoms in people with non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).

Item Type	Article
Open Access	Not Open Access
Additional information	Funding Government of the Netherlands Topsector Agri & Food Top Consortium for Knowledge and Innovation, AB Mauri Global Bakery Ingredients, Baking Industry Research Trust, Borgesius—Albert Heijn, CSM Innovation Centre, the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), DSM Food Specialties, Fazer, Healthgrain Forum, the International Association for Cereal Science and Technology, the International Wheat Gluten Association, Lantmännen, Mondelez International, Nederlands Bakkerij Centrum, Nutrition & Santé, Puratos, Rademaker, Sonneveld Group, and Zeelandia HJ Doeleman
Project	Well on wheat
Date Deposited	05 Dec 2025 10:39
Last Modified	19 Dec 2025 14:56