Howard Latimer Penman

Name	Howard Latimer Penman
Job title	Meteorologist and Former Head of Physics - He formulated Penman’s Formula, which is used worldwide by meteorologists and agricultural scientists to assess evaporation rates in different setups and locations in the world. With John Monteith he formulated the Penman–Monteith equation which is used to calculate evapotranspiration and the need for crop irrigation.
Web address (URL)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Penman
Preferred citation	Penman, H. L.

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Research outputs

Profiles and evaporation

Penman, H. L. and Long, I. F. 1976. Profiles and evaporation. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 102 (434), pp. 841-855. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710243413

Growth of plants in different oxygen concentrations

Parkinson, K. J., Penman, H. L. and Tregunna, E. B. 1974. Growth of plants in different oxygen concentrations. Journal of Experimental Botany. 25 (84), pp. 132-+. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/25.1.132

The International Hydrological Decade

Penman, H. L. 1972. The International Hydrological Decade. Yearbook of World Affairs.

Weather 1970 Rothamsted Experimental Station Harpenden

Penman, H. L. 1971. Weather 1970 Rothamsted Experimental Station Harpenden. Transactions of the Hertfordshire Natural History Society. 27 (3).

Weather 1969 XV Rothamsted Experimental Station Harpenden

Penman, H. L. 1970. Weather 1969 XV Rothamsted Experimental Station Harpenden. Transactions of the Hertfordshire Natural History Society. 27 (2).

Woburn irrigation, 1960-8 VI Results for rotation crops

Penman, H. L. 1970. Woburn irrigation, 1960-8 VI Results for rotation crops. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 75 (1), pp. 89-102. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600026095

Woburn irrigation, 1960-8 V Results for leys

Penman, H. L. 1970. Woburn irrigation, 1960-8 V Results for leys. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 75 (1), pp. 75-88. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600026083

Woburn irrigation, 1960-8 IV Design and interpretation

Penman, H. L. 1970. Woburn irrigation, 1960-8 IV Design and interpretation. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 75 (1), pp. 69-73. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600026071

The water cycle

Penman, H. L. 1970. The water cycle. Scientific American. 223 (3), pp. 98-109.

A possible source of error in estimation of stomatal resistance

Parkinson, K. J. and Penman, H. L. 1970. A possible source of error in estimation of stomatal resistance. Journal of Experimental Botany. 21 (2), pp. 405-409. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/21.2.405

A major low-level air current near indian ocean during northern summer - interhemispheric transport of air in lower troposphere over western indian ocean

Findlate.J,, Mason, B. J., Hide, R., Johnson, D. H., Pothecar.I,, Pedgley, D. E., Murray, R., Pearce, R. P., Petterss.S,, Thorp, J. R., Penman, H. L., Grinsted, W. A., Cowan, J. L. B., Young, J. R. C. and Findlater, J. 1970. A major low-level air current near indian ocean during northern summer - interhemispheric transport of air in lower troposphere over western indian ocean. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 96 (409), pp. 551-+. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49709640919

Air motion and precipitation growth in a wave depression

Browning, K. A., Harrold, T. W., Scorer, R. S., Miles, M. K. and Penman, H. L. 1970. Air motion and precipitation growth in a wave depression. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 96 (409), pp. 557-&.

The role of vegetation in soil water problems

Penman, H. L. 1969. The role of vegetation in soil water problems. Eau Dans la Zone Non Saturée, 1969. pp. 49-61.

Available and accessible water

Penman, H. L. 1968. Available and accessible water. 9th Transactions of the International Society of Soil Science. 1 (Paper 4), pp. 29-37.

The inefficiency of world farming

Penman, H. L. 1968. The inefficiency of world farming. Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science. 34 (4), pp. 236-&.

The Earth's potential

Penman, H. L. 1968. The Earth's potential. Science Journal. 4 (5).

Discussion of hamilton,ra

Rodgers, C. D., Shaw, E. M., Monteith, J. L. and Penman, H. L. 1968. Discussion of hamilton,ra. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 94 (400), pp. 214-&.

Water use in agriculture

Penman, H. L. 1967. Water use in agriculture. Journal of the Institution of Water Engineers. 21, pp. 222-224.

Climate and crops

Penman, H. L. 1967. Climate and crops. Ramsden Memorial Lecture Manchester Memoirs 1967-196. 110 (1).

Evaporation from forests: a comparison of theory and observation

Penman, H. L. 1967. Evaporation from forests: a comparison of theory and observation. International symposium on forest hydrology August 29th - September 10th 1965. Pergamon Press. pp. 373-380

Temperature and humidity changes in lowest few thousand feet of atmosphere during a fine summer day in southern england

Houghton, J. T., Scorer, R. S., Murgatro.Rj,, Penman, H. L. and Zobel, 1967. Temperature and humidity changes in lowest few thousand feet of atmosphere during a fine summer day in southern england. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 93 (398), pp. 561-&.

Some aspects of large-scale turbulence and diffusion in atmosphere - lagrangian and eulerian correlations and energy spectra of geostrophic velocities

Kao, S. K., Bullock, W. S., Davies, D. R., Sawyer, J. S., Penman, H. L., Charash, E. and Murgatro.Rj, 1967. Some aspects of large-scale turbulence and diffusion in atmosphere - lagrangian and eulerian correlations and energy spectra of geostrophic velocities. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 93 (397), pp. 387-&.

Rose,cw - agricultural physics

Penman, H. L. 1967. Rose,cw - agricultural physics. Meteorological Magazine. 96 (1137), pp. 124-&.

A ground-water recharge study in north eastern jordan

Lloyd, J. W., Drennan, D. S. H., Bennell, B. M. U., Lindley, M., Penman, H. L., Ionides, M. G., McCulloc.Js,, Mitchell, J. E., Sutcliff.Jv,, Brown, D. A., Ward, I. L., Palmer, J. E. G., Bulman, R. B., Wolf, P. O., Pike, J. G. and Underhil.Hw, 1967. A ground-water recharge study in north eastern jordan. Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers. 37 (AUG), pp. 701-&. https://doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1967.8277

The diffusive conductivity of stomata of wheat leaves

Milthorpe, F. L. and Penman, H. L. 1967. The diffusive conductivity of stomata of wheat leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany. 18 (56), pp. 422-457. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/18.3.422

A 10-level atmospheric model and frontal rain

Mason, B. J., Pearce, R. P., Browning, K. A., Coles, V. R., Grayston.Vr,, Sawyer, J. S., Forsdyke, A. G., Penman, H. L., Scorer, R. S., Shaw, E. and Bushby, 1967. A 10-level atmospheric model and frontal rain. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 93 (398), pp. 562-&.

Discussion of wake capture of water drops in air

Sutcliff.Rc,, Jones, D. E., Penman, H. L., Telford, J. W. and Neiburge.M, 1966. Discussion of wake capture of water drops in air. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 92 (391), pp. 171-&.

Structure of arctic winter stratosphere over a 10-yr period

Bonacina, L. C., Miles, M. K., Penman, H. L., Scorer, R. S., Murgatro.Rj,, Wilson, C. V. and Godson, W. L. 1965. Structure of arctic winter stratosphere over a 10-yr period. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 91 (389), pp. 375-&.

Electrification produced by rupture of large water drops in an electric field

Sheppard, P. A., Jones, R. F., Andrews, J. B., Penman, H. L., Latham, J., Gunn, K. L. S. and Mason, B. J. 1965. Electrification produced by rupture of large water drops in an electric field. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 91 (389), pp. 379-&.

Discussion of sea smoke and steam fog - pm saunders

Penman, H. L., Ludlam, F. H. and Hallett, J. 1965. Discussion of sea smoke and steam fog - pm saunders. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 91 (388), pp. 242-&.

Discussion of p ramm and fwg warren

Sawyer, J. S., Wallingt.Ce, and Penman, H. L. 1965. Discussion of p ramm and fwg warren. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 91 (387), pp. 103-&.

Discussion of houghton dm

Rowntree, P. R., Thorp, J. R. T., Brewer, A. W., Penman, H. L., Pothecar.Ij,, Craddock, J. M., Murray, R. and Monteith, J. L. 1965. Discussion of houghton dm. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 91 (390), pp. 531-&.

Discussion of horizontal transport of heat and moisture - a micrometeorological study - ne rider - jr philip - ef bradley

Sibbons, J. L. H., Monteith, J. L., Penman, H. L. and Priestle.Ch, 1965. Discussion of horizontal transport of heat and moisture - a micrometeorological study - ne rider - jr philip - ef bradley. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 91 (388), pp. 236-&.

Discussion of hh lamb

Bonacina, L. C., Schove, D. J., Penman, H. L., Jacobs, L., Ratcliff.Da,, Moar, N., Spink, P. C., Barry, R. G., Donaldso.G,, Evans, S. and Robin, G. D. Q. 1965. Discussion of hh lamb. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 91 (390), pp. 542-&.

Circulation of water in soil under a temperature gradient

Jackson, R. D., Rose, D. A. and Penman, H. L. 1965. Circulation of water in soil under a temperature gradient. Nature. 205 (4968), pp. 314-316. https://doi.org/10.1038/205314b0

Charge transfer associated with temperature gradients in ice crystals grown in a diffusion chamber

Limbert, D., Penman, H. L., Mason, B. J., Middleto.We, and Latham, J. 1965. Charge transfer associated with temperature gradients in ice crystals grown in a diffusion chamber. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 91 (389), pp. 378-&. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49709138918

The plant and its environment

Long, I. F., Monteith, J. L., Penman, H. L. and Szeicz, G. 1964. The plant and its environment. Meteorologische Rundschau. 17, pp. 97-101.

Long-wave radiation from clear skies

Penman, H. L., Sheppard, P. A., Stagg, J. M., Gold, E., Monteith, J. L., Robinson, G. D. and Businger, J. A. 1964. Long-wave radiation from clear skies. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 90 (386), pp. 488-491.

The electrification of frost deposits

Hallett, J., Penman, H. L., Coleman, J. D., Mason, B. J. and Latham, J. 1964. The electrification of frost deposits. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 90 (386), pp. 486-486.

The electrification of freezing water droplets and of colliding ice particles

Chalmers, J. A., Mason, B. J., Penman, H. L. and Hutchinson, W. C. A. 1964. The electrification of freezing water droplets and of colliding ice particles. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 90 (386), pp. 487-487.

Aircraft observations near jet streams

Penman, H. L., Scorer, R. S., Mason, B. J. and Roach, W. T. 1964. Aircraft observations near jet streams. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 90 (386), pp. 483-485.

Irrigation in Britain

Penman, H. L. 1963. Irrigation in Britain. Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 111 (5080), pp. 272-289.

Weather and water in the growth of potatoes

Penman, H. L. 1963. Weather and water in the growth of potatoes. The Growth of the Potato, Milthorpe.

The rise of an isolated thermal in wind shear

Penman, H. L., Hall, W. S., Stewart, J. B., Sawyer, J. S., Scorer, R. S. and James, A. 1963. The rise of an isolated thermal in wind shear. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 89 (382), pp. 559-561.

Rain in east africa

Rainey, R. C., Pothecary, J. W., Penman, H. L., Ludlam, F. H. and Johnson, D. H. 1963. Rain in east africa. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 89 (380), pp. 291-292.

Mirror for meteorologists

Penman, H. L. 1963. Mirror for meteorologists. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 89 (382), pp. 453-460. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708938202

Measurements of evaporation and heat transfer in the lower atmosphere by an automatic eddy-correlation technique

Penman, H. L., Stagg, J. M. and Dyer, A. J. 1963. Measurements of evaporation and heat transfer in the lower atmosphere by an automatic eddy-correlation technique. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 89 (382), pp. 556-557.

Fifty years of physics at rothamsted

Penman, H. L. 1963. Fifty years of physics at rothamsted. Physics Bulletin. 14 (11), p. 293. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/14/11/001

Calculations of the ascent of a saturated buoyant parcel with mixing - cloud-droplet growth by condensation in cumulus

Penman, H. L., James, A., Ludlam, F. H. and Sawyer, J. S. 1963. Calculations of the ascent of a saturated buoyant parcel with mixing - cloud-droplet growth by condensation in cumulus. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 89 (382), pp. 561-562.

Woburn irrigation, 1951-59 III Results for rotation crops

Penman, H. L. 1962. Woburn irrigation, 1951-59 III Results for rotation crops. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 58 (3), pp. 365-379. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600013228

Woburn irrigation, 1951-59 II Results for grass

Penman, H. L. 1962. Woburn irrigation, 1951-59 II Results for grass. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 58 (3), pp. 349-364. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600013216

Woburn irrigation, 1951-59 I Purpose, design and weather

Penman, H. L. 1962. Woburn irrigation, 1951-59 I Purpose, design and weather. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 58 (3), pp. 343-348. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600013204

Weather and crops

Penman, H. L. 1962. Weather and crops. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 88 (377), pp. 209-219. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708837702

Weather, plant and soil factors in hydrology

Penman, H. L. 1961. Weather, plant and soil factors in hydrology. Weather. 16 (7), pp. 207-219.

Weather in wheat - reply

Penman, H. L. 1961. Weather in wheat - reply. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 87 (371), pp. 112-112.

The fragmentation and electrification of freezing water drops

Penman, H. L., Hallett, J., Stagg, J. M., Scrase, F. J., Hitschfeld, W. and Scorer, R. S. 1961. The fragmentation and electrification of freezing water drops. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 87 (371), pp. 113-114.

A direct measurement of the humidity in the stratosphere using a cooled-vapour trap - discussion

Sheppard, P. A., Brewer, A. W., Roach, W. T., Singleton, F., Penman, H. L., Gold, E. and Goldsmith, P. 1961. A direct measurement of the humidity in the stratosphere using a cooled-vapour trap - discussion. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 87 (372), pp. 252-253.

Irrigation 1 General principles of irrigation 1960/61

Penman, H. L. 1960. Irrigation 1 General principles of irrigation 1960/61. Scottish agriculture.

Weather problems in agriculture

Penman, H. L. 1960. Weather problems in agriculture. Nature. 187 (4742), pp. 995-996. https://doi.org/10.1038/187995a0

Weather in wheat - an essay in micro-meteorology

Penman, H. L. and Long, I. F. 1960. Weather in wheat - an essay in micro-meteorology. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 86 (367), pp. 16-50. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708636703

A synoptic study of day-to-day changes of ozone over the british-isles

Martin, D. W., Brewer, A. W., Scorer, R. S., Penman, H. L., Stagg, J. M., Sawyer, J. S., Walshaw, C. D., Bonacina, L. C. W. and Martin, W. D. 1960. A synoptic study of day-to-day changes of ozone over the british-isles. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 86 (370), pp. 575-576. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708637020

Notes on the water balance of the Sperbelgraben and Rappengraben

Penman, H. L. 1959. Notes on the water balance of the Sperbelgraben and Rappengraben. Mitteilungen der Schweiz Anstalt fur das Forstliche Versuchswesen. 35, pp. 99-109.

The vertical distribution of aphids in the air and the temperature lapse rate

Johnson, C. G., Penman, H. L., Harper, W. G., Rainey, R. C., Richardson, K. J., Skellam, J. G., Sawyer, J. S., Mellanby, D. K., Sheppard, P. A. and Taylor, L. R. 1959. The vertical distribution of aphids in the air and the temperature lapse rate. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 85 (364), pp. 173-176. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708536414

Modification of the structure of a tropical cyclone on traversing a high plateau

Sellick, N. P., Scorer, R. S., Rainey, R. C., Sawyer, J. S., Penman, H. L., Sutcliffe, R. C., Wallington, C. E. and Forsdyke, A. G. 1959. Modification of the structure of a tropical cyclone on traversing a high plateau. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 85 (363), pp. 69-71. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708536311

Ice-nucleating properties of some natural mineral dusts

Mason, B. J., Maybank, J., Veryard, R. G., Penman, H. L., Scorer, R. S. and Sheppard, P. A. 1959. Ice-nucleating properties of some natural mineral dusts. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 85 (365), pp. 298-299. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708536515

Soil moisture deficit

Penman, H. L. 1958. Soil moisture deficit. CR 2nd World congress of agricultural research.

Water control for increased crop production

Penman, H. L. 1958. Water control for increased crop production. The Biological Productivity of Britain, Institute of Biology .

Water losses from various land surfaces

Rider, N. E. and Penman, H. L. 1958. Water losses from various land surfaces. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 84 (360), pp. 190-193. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708436019

A synoptic study of west african disturbance lines - discussion

Forsdyke, A. G., Sawyer, J. S., Schove, D. J., Penman, H. L., Ball, P. and Eldridge, R. H. 1958. A synoptic study of west african disturbance lines - discussion. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 84 (362), pp. 468-469.

Hill climate

Penman, H. L. 1957. Hill climate. Nature. 180 (4586), pp. 574-576. https://doi.org/10.1038/180574a0

The forms of ice clouds .2

Ludlam, F. H., Sutcliffe, R. C., Bonacina, L. C. W., Penman, H. L., Oddie, B. C. V., Gold, E., Murgatroyd, R. J. and Oddie, 1957. The forms of ice clouds .2. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 83 (355), pp. 127-129. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708335513

Heat flow in the soil

McCulloch, J. S. G. and Penman, H. L. 1956. Heat flow in the soil. Congres de la Science du sol. 6.

Weather and water in the growth of grass

Penman, H. L. 1956. Weather and water in the growth of grass. Proceedings 3rd Easter School in Agricultural Science, University of Nottingham.

Heat flow in the soil

Mcculloch, J. S. G. and Penman, H. L. 1956. Heat flow in the soil. Transactions of the 6th International Congress of Soil Science B. International de la Science du Sol, Paris, France. pp. 275-280

Evaporation: an introductory survey

Penman, H. L. 1956. Evaporation: an introductory survey. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science. 4, pp. 9-29.

Estimating evaporation

Penman, H. L. 1956. Estimating evaporation. Transactions American Geophysical Union. 37 (1), pp. 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1029/TR037i001p00043

Evaporation over parts of Europe

Penman, H. L. 1955. Evaporation over parts of Europe. Proceedings of the General Assembly of Rome. 38, pp. 168-176.

Weather and farming, 1954

Penman, H. L. 1955. Weather and farming, 1954. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 81 (349), pp. 507-514. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708134929

Meteorology in a large water-engineering project

Bell, G., Penman, H. L., Sharman, F. A., Schove, D. J., Craddock, J. M., Glasspoole, J., Derrington, G., Whiten, A. J., Gold, E., Lamb, H. H. and Kraus, E. B. 1955. Meteorology in a large water-engineering project. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 81 (349), pp. 493-495.

Components in the water balance of a catchment area

Penman, H. L. 1955. Components in the water balance of a catchment area. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 81 (348), pp. 280-284. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708134818

Micrometeorology in the potato crop

Hirst, J. M., Long, I. F. and Penman, H. L. 1954. Micrometeorology in the potato crop. Proceedings of the Toronto Meteorological Conference, 1953 : held from 9 to 15 September 1953 / by the American Meteorological Societe to Microclimatology . American Meteorological Society. pp. 294p.

Evaporation over parts of Europe

Penman, H. L. 1954. Evaporation over parts of Europe. Proceedings of the General Assembly of Rome. 3, pp. 168-176.

Some further aspects of night cooling under clear skies - discussion

Saunders, W. E., Penman, H. L., Mason, B. J., Monteith, J. L., Sutcliffe, R. C., Gold, E., Bonacina, L. C. W. and Pilsbury, R. K. 1953. Some further aspects of night cooling under clear skies - discussion. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 79 (341), pp. 438-441. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49707934120

Water and plant growth

Penman, H. L. 1952. Water and plant growth. Agricultural progress.

The physical bases of irrigation control

Penman, H. L. 1952. The physical bases of irrigation control. Report of the 13th International Horticultural Congress. pp. 913-924

Experiments on irrigation of sugar beet

Penman, H. L. 1952. Experiments on irrigation of sugar beet. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 42 (3), pp. 286-292. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600056938

The water balance of catchment areas

Penman, H. L. 1951. The water balance of catchment areas. Association International d'Hydrological Science Assemblee Generalle de Bruxelles. 3.

Some physical aspects of assimilation and transpiration

Penman, H. L. and Schofield, R. K. 1951. Some physical aspects of assimilation and transpiration. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology. 5, pp. 115-129.

The role of vegetation in meteorology, soil mechanics and hydrology

Penman, H. L. 1951. The role of vegetation in meteorology, soil mechanics and hydrology. British Journal of Applied Physics. 2 (JUN), pp. 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/2/6/301

Relationship of aphid density to altitude

Johnson, C. G. and Penman, H. L. 1951. Relationship of aphid density to altitude. Nature. 168 (4269), pp. 337-338. https://doi.org/10.1038/168337a0

Evaporation over the British Isles

Penman, H. L., Gold, M. E., McClean, W. N., Glasspoole, J. and Bonacina, L. C. W. 1951. Evaporation over the British Isles. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 77 (332), pp. 312-315. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49707733219

The water balance of the Stour catchment area

Penman, H. L. 1950. The water balance of the Stour catchment area. Journal of the Institute of Water Engineers. 4 (6), pp. 457-469.

Evaporation over the British Isles

Penman, H. L. 1950. Evaporation over the British Isles. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 76 (330), pp. 372-383. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49707633003

The diffusion of moisture through flax seed

Penman, H. L. 1950. The diffusion of moisture through flax seed. British Journal of Applied Physics. 1 (AUG), pp. 213-213. https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/1/8/105

Meteorology in agriculture

Penman, H. L. 1949. Meteorology in agriculture. Nature.

A portable thermistor bridge for micro-meteorology among growing crops

Penman, H. L. and Long, I. F. 1949. A portable thermistor bridge for micro-meteorology among growing crops. Journal of Scientific Instruments and of Physics in Industry. 26 (3), pp. 77-80. https://doi.org/10.1088/0950-7671/26/3/305

A general survey of meteorology in agriculture and an account of the physics of irrigation control - discussion

Penman, H. L. 1949. A general survey of meteorology in agriculture and an account of the physics of irrigation control - discussion. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 75 (325), pp. 293-302. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49707532510

The dependence of transpiration on weather and soil conditions

Penman, H. L. 1949. The dependence of transpiration on weather and soil conditions. Journal of Soil Science. 1 (1), pp. 74-89.

The concept of soil moisture deficit

Schofield, R. K. and Penman, H. L. 1948. The concept of soil moisture deficit. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rotterdam, June 21 to 30, 1948. 2.

Physics in agriculture

Penman, H. L. 1948. Physics in agriculture. Journal of Scientific Instruments and of Physics in Industry. 25 (12), pp. 425-432. https://doi.org/10.1088/0950-7671/25/12/326

Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass

Penman, H. L. 1948. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 193 (1032), pp. 120-145. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1948.0037

Future developments in agricultural meteorology

Penman, H. L. 1947. Future developments in agricultural meteorology. Weather. 2 (5), pp. 137-141. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1947.tb00739.x

Evaporation in nature

Penman, H. L. 1947. Evaporation in nature. Reports On Progress In Physics. 11, pp. 366-388. https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/11/1/312

Weather and crops

Penman, H. L. 1946. Weather and crops. Weather.

Daily and seasonal changes in the surface temperature of fallow soil at Rothamsted

Penman, H. L. and Keen, B. A. 1943. Daily and seasonal changes in the surface temperature of fallow soil at Rothamsted. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 69 (298), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49706929802

Theory of porometers used in the study of stomatal movements in leaves

Penman, H. L. 1942. Theory of porometers used in the study of stomatal movements in leaves. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 130 (861), pp. 416-.

Experimental Studies of the Relation between Carbon Assimilation and Stomatal Movement: II. The Use of the Resistance Porometer in Estimating Stomatal Aperture and Diffusive Resistance: Part I. A Critical Study of the Resistance Porometer withan appendix by HL Penman

Heath, O. V. S. and Penman, H. L. 1941. Experimental Studies of the Relation between Carbon Assimilation and Stomatal Movement: II. The Use of the Resistance Porometer in Estimating Stomatal Aperture and Diffusive Resistance: Part I. A Critical Study of the Resistance Porometer withan appendix by HL Penman. Annals of Botany. 5 (19), pp. 455-500.