Spatial variability in the degradation rates of isoproturon and chlorotoluron in a clay soil

Thirty separate soil samples were taken from different locations at the Brimstone farm experimental site, Oxfordshire, UK, Incubations of isoproturon under standard conditions (15 degreesC; -33 kPa soil water potential) indicated considerable variation in degradation rate in the soil, with the time to 50% loss (DT50) varying from 6 to 30 days. These differences were confirmed in a second comparative experiment in which degradation rates were assessed in 11 samples of the same soil in two separate laboratories using an identical protocol. There was a significant negative linear relationship (r(2) = 0.746) between the DT50 values and soil pH in this group of soils. In a third experiment, degradation rates of the related compound chlorotoluron were compared with those of isoproturon in 12 separate soil samples, six of which had been stored for several months, and six of which were freshly collected from the field. Degradation of both herbicides occurred more slowly in the stored samples than in the fresh samples but, in all of them, chlorotoluron degraded more slowly than isoproturon, and there was a highly significant linear relationship (r(2) = 0.916) between the respective DT50 values.