Variation in Miscanthus chemical composition and implications for conversion by pyrolysis and thermo-chemical bio-refining for fuels and chemicals

Hodgson, E. M., Nowakowski, D. J., Shield, I. F., Riche, A. B., Bridgwater, A. V., Clifton-Brown, J. C. and Donnison, I. S. 2011. Variation in Miscanthus chemical composition and implications for conversion by pyrolysis and thermo-chemical bio-refining for fuels and chemicals. Bioresource Technology. 102, pp. 3411-3418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.017

Related outputs

Improving wheat grain composition for human health by constructing a QTL atlas for essential minerals

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Sigalas, P., Shewry, P. R., Riche, A. B., Wingen, L., Feng, C., Siluveru, A., Chayut, N., Burridge, A., Uauy, C., Castle, M., Parmar, S., Philp, C., Steele, D., Orford, S., Leverington-Waite, M., Cheng, S., Griffiths, S. and Hawkesford, M. J. 2024. Improving wheat grain composition for human health by constructing a QTL atlas for essential minerals. Communications Biology. 7, p. 101. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06692-7

Harnessing landrace diversity empowers wheat breeding

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cheng, S., Feng, C., Wingen, L. U., Cheng, H., Riche, A. B., Jiang, M., Leverington-Waite, M., Huang, Z., Collier, S., Orford, S., Wang, X., Awal, R., Barker, G., O’Hara, T., Lister, C., Siluveru, A., Quiroz-Chávez, J., Ramírez-González, R. H., Bryant, R., Berry, S., Bansal, U., Bariana, H. S., Bennett, M. J., Bicego, B., Bilham, L., Brown, J. K. M., Burridge, A., Burt, C., Buurman, M., Castle, M., Chartrain, L., Chen, B., Denbel, W., Elkot, A. F., Fenwick, P., Feuerhelm, D., Foulkes, J., Gaju, O., Gauley, A., Gaurav, K., Hafeez, A. N., Han, R., Horler, R., Hou, J., Iqbal, M. S., Kerton, M., Kondic-Spica, A., Kowalski, A., Lage, J., Li, X., Liu, H., Liu, S., Lovegrove, A., Ma, L., Mumford, C., Parmar, S., Philp, C., Playford, D., Przewieslik-Allen, A. M., Sarfraz, Z., Schafer, D., Shewry, P. R., Shi, Y., Slafer, G., Song, B., Song, B., Steele, D., Steuernagel, B., Tailby, P., Tyrrell, S., Waheed, A., Wamalwa, M. N., Wang, X., Wei, Y., Winfield, M., Wu, S., Wu, Y., Wulff, B. B. H., Xian, W., Xu, Y., Xu, Y., Yuan, Q., Zhang, X., Edwards, K. J., Dixon, L., Nicholson, P., Chayut, N., Hawkesford, M. J., Uauy, C., Sanders, D., Huang, S. and Griffiths, S. 2024. Harnessing landrace diversity empowers wheat breeding. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07682-9

Potential unintended consequences of agricultural land use change driven by dietary transitions

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Blackwell, M. S. A., Takahashi, T., Cardenas, L. M., Collins, A. L., Enriquez, D., Griffith, B. A., Hunt, J., Lee, M. R. F., Misselbrook, T. H., Neal, A. L., Rivero, M. J., Shield, I. F., Storkey, J., Wu, L. and Harris, P. 2024. Potential unintended consequences of agricultural land use change driven by dietary transitions. npj sustainable agriculture. 2 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44264-023-00008-8

European soybean to benefit people and the environment

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Rotundo, J. L., Marshall, R., McCormick, R., Truong, S. K., Styles, D., Gerde, J. A., Gonzalez-Escobar, E., Carmo-Silva, E., Janes-Bassett, V., Logue, J., Annicchiarico, P., Visser, C. D., Dind, A., Dodd, I. C., Dye, L., Long, S. P., Lopes, M. S., Pannecoucque, J., Reckling, M., Rushton, J., Schmid, N., Shield, I. F., Signor, M. and Rufino, C. D. M. &. M. C. 2024. European soybean to benefit people and the environment. Scientific Reports. 14, p. 7612. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57522-z

Modeling the spatial-spectral characteristics of plants for nutrient status identification using hyperspectral data and deep learning methods

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Okyere, F., Cudjoe, D., Sadeghi-Tehran, P., Virlet, N., Riche, A. B., Castle, M., Greche, L., Simms, D., Mhada, M., Mohareb, F. and Hawkesford, M. J. 2023. Modeling the spatial-spectral characteristics of plants for nutrient status identification using hyperspectral data and deep learning methods. Frontiers in Plant Science. 14, p. 1209500. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1209500

Soil structure has a greater effect on the rooting of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) than nitrogen fertilisation rate or genotype.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Mawodza, T., Zhou, H., Atkinson, B. S., Atkinson, J. A., Sturrock, C. J., Riche, A. B., Whalley, W. R., Hawkesford, M. J., Cooper, H. V. and Mooney, S. J. 2023. Soil structure has a greater effect on the rooting of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) than nitrogen fertilisation rate or genotype. Rhizosphere. 27 (Sept), p. 100770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2023.100770

Field phenotyping for African crops: overview and perspectives

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cudjoe, D., Virlet, N., Castle, M., Riche, A. B., Mhada, M., Waine, T. W., Mohareb, F. and Hawkesford, M. J. 2023. Field phenotyping for African crops: overview and perspectives . Frontiers in Plant Science. 14, p. 1219673. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1219673

Soil structure has a greater effect on the rooting of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) than nitrogen fertilisation rate or genotype

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Mawodza, T., Zhou, H., Atkinson, B. S., Atkinson, J. A., Sturrock, C. J., Riche, A. B., Whalley, W. R., Hawkesford, M. J., Cooper, H. and Mooney, S. J. 2023. Soil structure has a greater effect on the rooting of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) than nitrogen fertilisation rate or genotype. Rhizosphere. 27, p. 100770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2023.100770

A new Rothamsted long-term field experiment for the twenty-first century - principles and practice

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Li, X., Storkey, J., Mead, A., Shield, I. F., Clark, I. M., Ostler, R., Roberts, B. and Dobermann, A. 2023. A new Rothamsted long-term field experiment for the twenty-first century - principles and practice. Agronomy for Sustainable Development - ASD. 43 (5), p. 60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-023-00914-8

Identification of Traits Underpinning Good Breadmaking Performance of Wheat Grown with Reduced Nitrogen Fertilisation

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Shewry, P. R., Wood, A., Hassall, K. L., Pellny, T. K., Riche, A. B., Hussain, A., Shi, Z., Mosleth, E. F., Charlton, M., Poole, M., Jones, S., Newton, K., Penson, S., Tucker, G., Griffiths, S. and Hawkesford, M. J. 2023. Identification of Traits Underpinning Good Breadmaking Performance of Wheat Grown with Reduced Nitrogen Fertilisation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 103 (15), pp. 7664-7672. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12848

Machine Learning Methods for Automatic Segmentation of Images of Field and Glasshouse Based Plants for High Throughput Phenotyping

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Okyere, F., Cudjoe, D., Sadeghi-Tehran, P., Virlet, N., Riche, A. B., Castle, M., Greche, L., Mohareb, F., Simms, D. M., Mhada, M. and Hawkesford, M. J. 2023. Machine Learning Methods for Automatic Segmentation of Images of Field and Glasshouse Based Plants for High Throughput Phenotyping. Plants - Basel. 12 (10), p. 2035. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12102035

Using proximal sensing parameters linked to the photosynthetic capacity to assess the nutritional status and yield potential in quinoa

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cudjoe, D., Okyere, F., Virlet, N., Castle, M., Buchner, P. H., Parmar, S., Sadeghi-Tehran, P., Riche, A. B., Sohail, Q., Mhada, M., Ghanem, M., Waine, T. W., Mohareb, F. and Hawkesford, M. J. 2023. Using proximal sensing parameters linked to the photosynthetic capacity to assess the nutritional status and yield potential in quinoa. Acta Horticulturae. 1360, pp. 373-379. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2023.1360.45

Towards stability of food production and farm income in a variable climate

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Harkness, C., Areal, F. J., Semenov, M. A., Senapati, N., Shield, I. F. and Bishop, J. 2023. Towards stability of food production and farm income in a variable climate. Ecological Economics. 204 (Part A), p. 107676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107676

Environmental and cultivar variability in composition, content and biological activity of phenolic acids and alkylresorcinols of winter wheat grains from a multi-site field trial across Europe

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Kowalska, I., Moldoch, J., Pawelec, S., Podolska, G., Von Cossel, M., Derycke, V., Haesaert, G., Lana, M. A., Da Silva Lopes, M., Riche, A. B., Stutzel, H., Hackett, R. and Oleszek, W. 2022. Environmental and cultivar variability in composition, content and biological activity of phenolic acids and alkylresorcinols of winter wheat grains from a multi-site field trial across Europe. Journal of Cereal Science. 107, p. 103527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103527

Genetic diversity in nitrogen fertilizer responses and N gas emission in modern wheat

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Oszvald, M., Hassall, K. L., Hughes, D. J., Torres-Ballesteros, A., Clark, I. M., Riche, A. B. and Heuer, S. 2022. Genetic diversity in nitrogen fertilizer responses and N gas emission in modern wheat. Frontiers in Plant Science. 13, p. 816475. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.816475

Determination of wheat spike and spikelet architecture and grain traits using X-ray Computed Tomography imaging

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Zhou, H., Riche, A. B., Hawkesford, M. J., Whalley, W. R., Atkinson, B. S., Sturrock, C. J. and Mooney, S. J. 2021. Determination of wheat spike and spikelet architecture and grain traits using X-ray Computed Tomography imaging. Plant Methods. 17 (article), p. 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-021-00726-5

The potential for soybean to diversify the production of plant-based protein in the UK

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Coleman, K., Whitmore, A. P., Hassall, K. L., Shield, I. F., Semenov, M. A., Dobermann, A., Bourhis, Y., Eskandary, A. and Milne, A. E. 2021. The potential for soybean to diversify the production of plant-based protein in the UK. Science of the Total Environment. 767, p. 144903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144903

Stability of farm income: The role of agricultural diversity and agri-environment scheme payments

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Harkness, C., Areal, F. J., Semenov, M. A., Senapati, N., Shield, I. F. and Bishop, J. 2021. Stability of farm income: The role of agricultural diversity and agri-environment scheme payments. Agricultural Systems. 187, p. 103009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.103009

Using a Crop Model to Benchmark Miscanthus and Switchgrass

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Akkari, M. E., Ferchaud, F., Strullu, L., Shield, I. F., Perrin, A., Drouet, J. L., Jayet, P. A. and Gabrielle, B. 2020. Using a Crop Model to Benchmark Miscanthus and Switchgrass. Energies. 13 (15), pp. 3942-3954. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13153942

Impacts of G x E x M on Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Wheat and Future Prospects

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Hawkesford, M. J. and Riche, A. B. 2020. Impacts of G x E x M on Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Wheat and Future Prospects. Frontiers in Plant Science. 11, p. 1157. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01157

Genetic variation and heritability of grain protein deviation in European wheat genotypes

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Mosleth, E. F., Lillehammer, M., Pellny, T. K., Wood, A., Riche, A. B., Hussain, A., Griffiths, S., Hawkesford, M. J. and Shewry, P. R. 2020. Genetic variation and heritability of grain protein deviation in European wheat genotypes. Field Crops Research. 255, p. 107896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107896

Low protein wheat for bread making

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Shewry, P. R., Wood, A. J., Hassall, K. L., Pellny, T. K., Riche, A. B., Hussain, A., Hawkesford, M. J., Griffiths, S., Penson, S., Tucker, G. and Baker, C. 2020. Low protein wheat for bread making. Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board.

Novel sources of variation in grain Zinc (Zn) concentration in bread wheat germplasm derived from Watkins landraces

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Khokhar, J. S., King, J., King, I. P., Young, S. D., Foulkes, M. J., De Silva, J., Weerasinghe, M., Mossa, A., Griffiths, S., Riche, A. B., Hawkesford, M. J., Shewry, P. R. and Broadley, M. R. 2020. Novel sources of variation in grain Zinc (Zn) concentration in bread wheat germplasm derived from Watkins landraces. PLOS ONE. 15 (2), p. e0229107. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229107

Radiometric calibration of ‘Commercial off the shelf’ cameras for UAV-based high-resolution temporal phenotyping of reflectance and NDVI

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Holman, F. H., Riche, A. B., Castle, M., Wooster, M. J. and Hawkesford, M. J. 2019. Radiometric calibration of ‘Commercial off the shelf’ cameras for UAV-based high-resolution temporal phenotyping of reflectance and NDVI. Remote Sensing. 11 (14), p. 1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11141657

WGIN Stakeholders' Newsletter [April 2019]

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Hammond-Kosack, K. E., Riche, A. B., Mcmillan, V. E., Aradottir, G. I., Hammond-Kosack, M., Lister, C. and Griffiths, S. 2019. WGIN Stakeholders' Newsletter [April 2019]. WGIN Stakeholders' Newsletter.

Optimizing the bioenergy water footprint by selecting SRC willow canopy phenotypes: regional scenario simulations

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Richard, B., Richter, G. M., Cerasuolo, M. and Shield, I. F. 2019. Optimizing the bioenergy water footprint by selecting SRC willow canopy phenotypes: regional scenario simulations. Annals of Botany. 124 (4), pp. 531-542. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz006

Developing new types of wheat with good processing quality at low grain protein content.

Conference paper

Pellny, T. K., Wood, A., Shi, Z., Hussain, A., Riche, A. B., Baker, C., Griffiths, S., Penson, S., Mosleth, E., Hawkesford, M. J. and Shewry, P. R. 2018. Developing new types of wheat with good processing quality at low grain protein content. 13th International Gluten Workshop. CIMMYT, Mexico 14 Mar 2018

The potential for production of high quality bio-coal from early harvested Miscanthus by hydrothermal carbonisation

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Smith, A. M., Whittaker, C., Shield, I. F. and Ross, A. B. 2018. The potential for production of high quality bio-coal from early harvested Miscanthus by hydrothermal carbonisation. Fuel. 220 (15 May), pp. 546-557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.143

Rothamsted Long-term experiments : guide to the classical and other long-term experiments, datasets and sample archive

E - Books edited/written by staff member, alone/with others

Macdonald, A. J., Poulton, P. R., Clark, I. M., Scott, T., Glendining, M. J., Perryman, S. A. M., Storkey, J., Bell, J. R., Shield, I. F., Mcmillan, V. E. and Hawkins, J. M. B. Macdonald, A. J. (ed.) 2018. Rothamsted Long-term experiments : guide to the classical and other long-term experiments, datasets and sample archive. Rothamsted Research, Harpenden.

Dry matter losses and quality changes during short rotation coppice willow storage in chip or rod form

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Whittaker, C., Yates, N. E., Powers, S. J., Misselbrook, T. H. and Shield, I. F. 2018. Dry matter losses and quality changes during short rotation coppice willow storage in chip or rod form. Biomass & Bioenergy. 112, pp. 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.02.005

Nutrient dynamics in wheat

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Hawkesford, M. J., Buchner, P. H. and Riche, A. B. 2018. Nutrient dynamics in wheat. Annual Plant Reviews online. 3 (November), pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119312994.apr0663

Breeding progress and preparedness for mass-scale deployment of perennial lignocellulosic biomass crops switchgrass, miscanthus, willow, and poplar

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Clifton-Brown, J., Harfouche, A., Casler, M. D., Jones, H. D., Macalpine, W. J., Murphy-Bokern, D., Smart, L. B., Adler, A., Ashman, C., Awty-Carroll, D., Bastien, C., Bopper, S., Botnari, V., Brancourt-Hulmel, M., Chen, Z., Clark, L. V., Cosentino, S., Dalton, S., Davey, C., Dolstra, O., Donnison, I., Flavell, R., Greef, J., Hanley, S. J., Hastings, A., Hertzberg, M., Hsu, T., Huang, L., Iurato, A., Jensen, E., Jin, X., Jørgensen, U., Kiesel, A., Kim, D., Liu, J., McCalmont, J. P., McMahon, B. G., Mos, M., Robson, P., Sacks, E. J., Sandu, A., Scalici, G., Schwarz, K., Scordia, D., Shafiei, R., Shield, I. F., Slavov, G., Stanton, B. J., Swaminathan, K., Taylor, G., Torres, A. F., Trindade, L. M., Tschaplinski, T., Tuskan, J., Yamada, T., Yu, C. Y., Zalesny, R., Zong, J. and Lewandowski, I. 2018. Breeding progress and preparedness for mass-scale deployment of perennial lignocellulosic biomass crops switchgrass, miscanthus, willow, and poplar. Global Change Biology. Bioenergy. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12566

Species and Genotype Effects of Bioenergy Crops on Root Production, Carbon and Nitrogen in Temperate Agricultural Soil

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Gregory, A. S., Dungait, J. A. J., Shield, I. F., Macalpine, W. J., Cunniff, J., Durenkamp, M., White, R. P., Joynes, A. and Richter, G. M. 2018. Species and Genotype Effects of Bioenergy Crops on Root Production, Carbon and Nitrogen in Temperate Agricultural Soil. BioEnergy Research. 11 (2), pp. 382-397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-018-9903-6

Cultivation and Use of Basket Willows - a guide to growing basket willows

E - Books edited/written by staff member, alone/with others

Macalpine, W. J., Burns, H., Hammerin, A., Shield, I. F., Butcher, M., Davies, O. and Bertram, G. 2018. Cultivation and Use of Basket Willows - a guide to growing basket willows. The Basketmakers Association.

Factors affecting wood, energy grass and straw pellet durability – A review

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Whittaker, C. and Shield, I. F. 2017. Factors affecting wood, energy grass and straw pellet durability – A review. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. 71 (May), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.119

High throughput field phenotyping of wheat plant height and growth rate in field plot trials using UAV based remote sensing

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Holman, F. H., Riche, A. B., Michalski, A., Castle, M., Wooster, M. J. and Hawkesford, M. J. 2016. High throughput field phenotyping of wheat plant height and growth rate in field plot trials using UAV based remote sensing. Remote Sensing. 8 (12), p. 1031. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8121031

Dry matter losses and methane emissions during wood chip storage: the impact on full life cycle greenhouse gas savings of short rotation coppice willow for heat

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Whittaker, C., Macalpine, W. J., Yates, N. E. and Shield, I. F. 2016. Dry matter losses and methane emissions during wood chip storage: the impact on full life cycle greenhouse gas savings of short rotation coppice willow for heat. BioEnergy Research. 9 (3), pp. 820-835. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-016-9728-0

How well does Miscanthus ensile for use in an anaerobic digestion plant?

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Whittaker, C., Hunt, J., Misselbrook, T. H. and Shield, I. F. 2016. How well does Miscanthus ensile for use in an anaerobic digestion plant? Biomass & Bioenergy. 88, pp. 24-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.03.018

Development of a sink-source interaction model for the growth of short-rotation coppice willow and in silico exploration of genotype x environment effects

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cerasuolo, M., Richter, G. M., Richard, B., Cunniff, J., Girbau, S., Shield, I. F., Purdy, S. and Karp, A. 2016. Development of a sink-source interaction model for the growth of short-rotation coppice willow and in silico exploration of genotype x environment effects. Journal of Experimental Botany. 67 (3), pp. 961-977. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv507

Dry matter losses and greenhouse gas emissions from outside storage of short rotation coppice willow chip

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Whittaker, C., Yates, N. E., Powers, S. J., Misselbrook, T. H. and Shield, I. F. 2016. Dry matter losses and greenhouse gas emissions from outside storage of short rotation coppice willow chip. BioEnergy Research. 9, pp. 288-302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9686-y

Growing innovations for the bioeconomy

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Karp, A., Beale, M. H., Beaudoin, F., Eastmond, P. J., Neal, A. L., Shield, I. F., Townsend, B. J. and Dobermann, A. 2015. Growing innovations for the bioeconomy. Nature Plants. 1, p. 15193. https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.193

Breeding willow for short rotation coppice energy cropping

B - Book chapters etc edited externally

Shield, I. F., Macalpine, W. J., Hanley, S. J. and Karp, A. 2015. Breeding willow for short rotation coppice energy cropping. in: Cruz, V. M. V. and Dierig, D. A. (ed.) Industrial crops. Handbook of Plant Breeding 9 Springer, New York. pp. 67-80

X-ray micro-computed tomography in willow reveals tissue patterning of reaction wood and delay in programmed cell death

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Brereton, N. J. B., Ahmed, F., Sykes, D., Ray, M. J., Shield, I. F., Karp, A. and Murphy, R. J. 2015. X-ray micro-computed tomography in willow reveals tissue patterning of reaction wood and delay in programmed cell death. BMC Plant Biology. 15, p. 83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-015-0438-0

Efficient method for rapid multiplication of clean and healthy willow clones via in vitro propagation with broad genotype applicability

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Palomo-Rios, E., Macalpine, W. J., Shield, I. F., Amey, J. S., Karaoglu, C., West, J., Hanley, S. J., Krygier, R., Karp, A. and Jones, H. D. 2015. Efficient method for rapid multiplication of clean and healthy willow clones via in vitro propagation with broad genotype applicability. Canadian Journal Of Forest Research. 45 (11), pp. 1662-1667. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0055

High yielding biomass genotypes of willow (Salix spp.) show differences in below ground biomass allocation

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cunniff, J., Purdy, S. J., Barraclough, T. J. P., Castle, M., Maddison, A. L., Jones, L. E., Shield, I. F., Gregory, A. S. and Karp, A. 2015. High yielding biomass genotypes of willow (Salix spp.) show differences in below ground biomass allocation. Biomass & Bioenergy. 80 (September), pp. 114-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.04.020

Seasonal carbohydrate dynamics and climate regulation of senescence in the perennial grass, Miscanthus

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Purdy, S. J., Cunnif, J., Maddison, A. L., Jones, L. E., Barraclough, T. J. P., Castle, M., Davey, C. L., Jones, C. M., Shield, I. F., Gallgher, J., Donnison, I. and Clifton-Brown, J. 2015. Seasonal carbohydrate dynamics and climate regulation of senescence in the perennial grass, Miscanthus. BioEnergy Research. 8 (1), pp. 28-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-014-9500-2

The yield and quality response of the energy grass Miscanthus x giganteus to fertiliser applications of nitrogen, potassium and sulphur

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Shield, I. F., Barraclough, T. J. P., Riche, A. B. and Yates, N. E. 2014. The yield and quality response of the energy grass Miscanthus x giganteus to fertiliser applications of nitrogen, potassium and sulphur. Biomass & Bioenergy. 68, pp. 185-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.06.007

Genetic diversity, population structure and phenotypic variation in European Salix viminalis L. (Salicaceae)

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Berlin, S., Trybush, S. O., Fogelqvist, J., Gyllenstrand, N., Hallingback, H. R., Ahman, I., Nordh, N-E., Shield, I. F., Powers, S. J., Weih, M., Lagercrantz, U., Ronnberg-Wastljung, A-C., Karp, A. and Hanley, S. J. 2014. Genetic diversity, population structure and phenotypic variation in European Salix viminalis L. (Salicaceae). Tree Genetics & Genomes. 10 (6), pp. 1595-1610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0782-5

Photosynthesis and growth in diverse willow genotypes

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Andralojc, P. J., Bencze, S., Madgwick, P. J., Philippe, H., Powers, S. J., Shield, I. F., Karp, A. and Parry, M. A. J. 2014. Photosynthesis and growth in diverse willow genotypes. Food and Energy Security. 3, pp. 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.47

Nitrogen fertilization affects silicon concentration, cell wall composition and biofuel potential of wheat straw

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Murozuka, E., Laursen, K. H., Lindedam, J., Shield, I. F., Bruun, S., Magid, J., Moller, I. S. and Schjoerring, J. K. 2014. Nitrogen fertilization affects silicon concentration, cell wall composition and biofuel potential of wheat straw. Biomass & Bioenergy. 64, pp. 291-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.034

Rothamsted Research willow (Salix spp.) breeding programme: multi-site yield trial results 2014

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Macalpine, W. J., Shield, I. F., Walsh, L. R. E., Johnston, C., Mccracken, A. R., Gilliland, J., Wilson, H., Finnan, J., Power, R., Hartmann, H., Weitz, M., White, Robin P. and Karp, A. 2014. Rothamsted Research willow (Salix spp.) breeding programme: multi-site yield trial results 2014. Proceedings 22nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Setting the Course for a Biobased Economy, Hamburg, 23-26 June 2014 . pp. 116-121

Miscanthus combustion properties and variations with Miscanthus agronomy

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Baxter, X. C., Darvell, L. I., Jones, J. M., Barraclough, T. J. P., Yates, N. E. and Shield, I. F. 2014. Miscanthus combustion properties and variations with Miscanthus agronomy. Fuel. 117 (Part A), pp. 851-869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.09.003

Genetics, genomics and crop modelling: integrative approaches to the improvement of biomass willows

B - Book chapters etc edited externally

Karp, A., Richter, G. M., Shield, I. F. and Hanley, S. J. 2014. Genetics, genomics and crop modelling: integrative approaches to the improvement of biomass willows. in: McCann, M. C. (ed.) Plants and bioenergy. Advances in Plant Biology, Vol 4 Springer, New York. pp. 107-130

Insights into nitrogen allocation and recycling from nitrogen elemental analysis and 15N isotope labelling in 14 genotypes of willow

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Brereton, N. J. B., Pitre, F. E., Shield, I. F., Hanley, S. J., Ray, M. J., Murphy, R. J. and Karp, A. 2014. Insights into nitrogen allocation and recycling from nitrogen elemental analysis and 15N isotope labelling in 14 genotypes of willow. Tree Physiology. 34 (11), pp. 1252-1262. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpt081

Modeling long-term yield trends of Miscanthus x giganteus using experimental data from across Europe

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Lesur, C., Jeuffroy, M-H., Makowski, D., Riche, A. B., Shield, I. F., Yates, N. E., Fritz, M., Formowitz, B., Grunert, M., Jorgensen, U., Laerke, P. E. and Loyce, C. 2013. Modeling long-term yield trends of Miscanthus x giganteus using experimental data from across Europe. Field Crops Research. 149, pp. 252-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.05.004

The influence of harvest and storage on the properties of and fast pyrolysis products from Miscanthus giganteus

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Greenhalf, C. E., Nowakowski, D. J., Yates, N. E., Shield, I. F. and Bridgwater, A. V. 2013. The influence of harvest and storage on the properties of and fast pyrolysis products from Miscanthus giganteus. Biomass & Bioenergy. 56, pp. 247-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.007

A pseudo-3D model to optimise the target traits of light interception in short-rotation coppice willow

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cerasuolo, M., Richter, G. M., Cunniff, J., Purdy, S., Shield, I. F. and Karp, A. 2013. A pseudo-3D model to optimise the target traits of light interception in short-rotation coppice willow. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 173, pp. 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.022

Nutrient requirements of Miscanthus x giganteus: conclusions from a review of published studies

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cadoux, S., Riche, A. B., Yates, N. E. and Machet, J-M. 2012. Nutrient requirements of Miscanthus x giganteus: conclusions from a review of published studies. Biomass & Bioenergy. 38, pp. 14-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.01.015

The yield response of the energy crops switchgrass and reed canary grass to fertiliser applications when grown on a low productivity sandy soil

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Shield, I. F., Barraclough, T. J. P., Riche, A. B. and Yates, N. E. 2012. The yield response of the energy crops switchgrass and reed canary grass to fertiliser applications when grown on a low productivity sandy soil. Biomass & Bioenergy. 42, pp. 86-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.03.017

Reaction wood - a key cause of variation in cell wall recalcitrance in willow

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Brereton, N. J. B., Ray, M. J., Shield, I. F., Martin, P., Karp, A. and Murphy, R. J. 2012. Reaction wood - a key cause of variation in cell wall recalcitrance in willow. Biotechnology for Biofuels. 2, p. 83. https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-5-83

Variation in cell wall composition and accessibility in relation to biofuel potential of short rotation coppice willows

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Ray, M. J., Brereton, N. J. B., Shield, I. F., Karp, A. and Murphy, R. J. 2012. Variation in cell wall composition and accessibility in relation to biofuel potential of short rotation coppice willows. BioEnergy Research. 5, pp. 685-698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-011-9177-8

Thermochemical characterisation of straws and high yielding perennial grasses

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Greenhalf, C. E., Nowakowski, D. J., Bridgwater, A. V., Titiloye, J., Yates, N. E., Riche, A. B. and Shield, I. F. 2012. Thermochemical characterisation of straws and high yielding perennial grasses. Industrial Crops and Products. 36, pp. 449-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.10.025

Effect of nitrogen fertiliser application on cell wall composition in switchgrass and reed canary grass

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Allison, G. G., Morris, C., Lister, S. J., Barraclough, T. J. P., Yates, N. E., Shield, I. F. and Donnison, I. S. 2012. Effect of nitrogen fertiliser application on cell wall composition in switchgrass and reed canary grass. Biomass & Bioenergy. 40, pp. 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.01.034

Population genetics of Tuberolachnus salignus, an obligate parthenogenetic aphid

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Aradottir, G. I., Hanley, S. J., Collins, C. M., Dawson, K. J., Karp, A., Leather, S. R., Shield, I. F. and Harrington, R. 2012. Population genetics of Tuberolachnus salignus, an obligate parthenogenetic aphid. Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 14 (2), pp. 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2011.00559.x

Study of Miscanthus x giganteus ash composition - variation with agronomy and assessment method

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Baxter, X. C., Darvell, L. I., Jones, J. M., Barraclough, T. J. P., Yates, N. E. and Shield, I. F. 2012. Study of Miscanthus x giganteus ash composition - variation with agronomy and assessment method. Fuel. 95, pp. 50-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.12.025

Seed to near market variety: the BEGIN willow breeding pipeline 2003-2010 and beyond

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Macalpine, W. J., Shield, I. F. and Karp, A. 2011. Seed to near market variety: the BEGIN willow breeding pipeline 2003-2010 and beyond. Proceedings Bioten Conference on Biomass, Bioenergy and Biofuels, Birmingham, 21-23 September 2010 . CPL Scientific Publishing, Newbury. pp. 94-104

Rothamsted Research willow (Salix spp.) breeding programme: multi-site yield trial results 2011

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Macalpine, W. J., Shield, I. F., Walsh, L. R. E., Mccracken, A. R., Wilson, H., Gilliland, J., Hughes, A. R., Cunniff, J. and Karp, A. 2011. Rothamsted Research willow (Salix spp.) breeding programme: multi-site yield trial results 2011. Biomass and Energy Crops IV. Aspects of Applied Biology 112 . pp. 263-270

The overwinter changes in the above and below ground biomass of miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea)

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Barraclough, T. J. P., Yates, N. E. and Shield, I. F. 2011. The overwinter changes in the above and below ground biomass of miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). Bridgwater, A. V. (ed.) Proceedings Bioten Conference on Biomass, Bioenergy and Biofuels, Birmingham, 21-23 September 2010 . CPL Press, Newbury.

The BBSRC Sustainable Bioenergy Centre (BSBEC): perennial bioenergy crops programme; optimising biomass from Miscanthus

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Purdy, S., Clifton-Brown, J., Jones, L., Maddison, A., Davey, C., Cunniff, J., Shield, I. F., Barraclough, T. J. P., Castle, M., Donnison, I. and Karp, A. 2011. The BBSRC Sustainable Bioenergy Centre (BSBEC): perennial bioenergy crops programme; optimising biomass from Miscanthus. Biomass and bioenergy IV. Aspects of Applied Biology 112 . pp. 11-19

Comparative trials of elite Swedish and UK biomass willow varieties 2001-2010

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Lindegaard, K. N., Carter, M. M., Mccracken, A., Shield, I. F., Macalpine, W. J., Hinton Jones, M., Valentine, J. and Larsson, S. 2011. Comparative trials of elite Swedish and UK biomass willow varieties 2001-2010. Biomass and bioenergy crops IV. Aspects of Applied Biology 112 . pp. 57-66

Condensed tannins in willow (Salix spp.): a first step to evaluate novel feeds for nutritionally improved animal products

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Falchero, L., Brown, R. H., Mueller-Harvey, I., Hanley, S. J., Shield, I. F. and Karp, A. 2011. Condensed tannins in willow (Salix spp.): a first step to evaluate novel feeds for nutritionally improved animal products. Hopkins, A., Krautzer, B. and Potsch, E. M. (ed.) Proceedings 16th Symposium of the European Grassland Federation: Grassland Farming and Land Management Systems in Mountainous Regions, Gumpenstein, 29-31 August 2011 . Wallig Ennstaler Druckerei und Verlag, Grobming. pp. 434-436

The structural diversity of condensed tannins in willows (salix spp.): a first screening to improve the nutritional quality of ruminant products

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Falchero, L., Brown, R., Hanley, S. J., Karp, A., Shield, I. F. and Mueller-Harvey, I. 2011. The structural diversity of condensed tannins in willows (salix spp.): a first screening to improve the nutritional quality of ruminant products.

BSBEC-BioMASS - selecting traits to optimise biomass yield of SRC willow

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cunniff, J., Shield, I. F., Barraclough, T. J. P., Castle, M., Hanley, S. J., Andralojc, P. J., Richter, G. M., Cerasuolo, M., Purdy, S., Clifton-Brown, J., Maddison, A., Jones, L., Donnison, I. and Karp, A. 2011. BSBEC-BioMASS - selecting traits to optimise biomass yield of SRC willow. Aspects of Applied Biology. 112.

Biomass and energy crops IV (Aspects of Applied Biology 112)

E - Books edited/written by staff member, alone/with others

Booth, E., Halford, N. G., Shield, I. F., Taylor, G. and Turley, D. Voigt, T. (ed.) 2011. Biomass and energy crops IV (Aspects of Applied Biology 112). Association of Applied Biologists (AAB) Wellesbourne Warwick .

Learning how to deal with values, frames and governance in sustainability appraisal

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Bond, A. J., Dockerty, T., Lovett, A., Riche, A. B., Haughton, A. J., Bohan, D. A., Sage, R. B., Shield, I. F., Finch, J. W., Turner, M. M. and Karp, A. 2011. Learning how to deal with values, frames and governance in sustainability appraisal. Regional studies. 45, pp. 1157-1170. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2010.485181

Effects of canopy architecture traits on willow crop growth

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Cerasuolo, M., Richter, G. M., Cunniff, J., Shield, I. F., Barraclough, T. J. P., Castle, M. and Karp, A. 2011. Effects of canopy architecture traits on willow crop growth. Systems Approaches to Crop Improvement. Aspects of Applied Biology 107 . pp. 63-69

Genetic improvement of willow for bioenergy and biofuels

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Karp, A., Hanley, S. J., Trybush, S. O., Macalpine, W. J., Pei, M. H. and Shield, I. F. 2011. Genetic improvement of willow for bioenergy and biofuels. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 53 (2), pp. 151-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.01015.x

Nitrogen requirements of biomass crops

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Riche, A. B., Goulding, K. W. T., Yates, N. E., Shield, I. F. and Christian, D. G. 2010. Nitrogen requirements of biomass crops. Water and Nitrogen Use Eficiency in Plants and Crops. Aspects of Applied Biology 105 . Association of Applied Biologists (AAB) Wellesbourne Warwick . pp. 83-88

Identifying key process parameters in a sink-source interaction model for energy crops

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Richter, G. M., Dailey, A. G. and Riche, A. B. 2010. Identifying key process parameters in a sink-source interaction model for energy crops. Abstracts Agro 2010: the 11th ESA Congress, Montpellier, 29 August-3 September 2010 . pp. 97-98

Willow has advanced as an energy crop but is the UK reaping the benefits?

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Karp, A., Macalpine, W. J. and Shield, I. F. 2010. Willow has advanced as an energy crop but is the UK reaping the benefits? Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 171, pp. 55-61.

Estimating root biomass in Salix viminalis x Salix schwerinii cultivar 'Olof' using the electrical capacitance method

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Pitre, F. E., Brereton, N. J. B., Audoire, S., Richter, G. M., Shield, I. F. and Karp, A. 2010. Estimating root biomass in Salix viminalis x Salix schwerinii cultivar 'Olof' using the electrical capacitance method. Plant Biosystems. 144 (2), pp. 479-483. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263501003732092

Numerical and analytical study to estimate leaf distribution on the radiation interception in willow crops

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Cerasuolo, M., Shield, I. F. and Richter, G. M. 2010. Numerical and analytical study to estimate leaf distribution on the radiation interception in willow crops. Abstracts Agro2010, the 11th ESA Congress, Montpellier, 29 August - 3 September 2010 . pp. 105-106

Mendelian inheritance of rust resistance to Melampsora larici-epitea in crosses between Salix sachalinensis and S. viminalis

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Pei, M. H., Ruiz, C., Shield, I. F., Macalpine, W. J., Lindegaard, K., Bayon, C. and Karp, A. 2010. Mendelian inheritance of rust resistance to Melampsora larici-epitea in crosses between Salix sachalinensis and S. viminalis. Plant Pathology. 59 (5), pp. 862-872. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02317.x

Miscanthus as a feedstock for fast-pyrolysis: does agronomic treatment affect quality?

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Hodgson, E. M., Fahmi, R., Yates, N. E., Barraclough, T. J. P., Shield, I. F., Allison, G., Bridgwater, A. V. and Donnison, I. S. 2010. Miscanthus as a feedstock for fast-pyrolysis: does agronomic treatment affect quality? Bioresource Technology. 101 (15), pp. 6185-6191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.024

The environmental impacts of biomass crops: use by birds of miscanthus in summer and winter in southwestern England

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Sage, R., Cunningham, M., Haughton, A. J., Mallott, M. D., Bohan, D. A., Riche, A. B. and Karp, A. 2010. The environmental impacts of biomass crops: use by birds of miscanthus in summer and winter in southwestern England. Ibis. 152 (3), pp. 487-499. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01027.x

Interception losses from Miscanthus at a site in south-east England - an application of the Gash model

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Finch, J. W. and Riche, A. B. 2010. Interception losses from Miscanthus at a site in south-east England - an application of the Gash model. Hydrological Processes. 24, pp. 2594-2600. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7673

Perennial energy crops: implications and potential

B - Book chapters etc edited externally

Karp, A., Haughton, A. J., Bohan, D. A., Lovett, A. A., Bond, A. J., Dockerty, T., Sunnenberg, G., Finch, J. W., Sage, R. B., Appleton, K. J., Riche, A. B., Mallott, M. D., Mallott, V. E,., Cunningham, M. D., Clark, S. J. and Turner, M. M. 2009. Perennial energy crops: implications and potential. in: Winter, M. and Lobley, M. (ed.) What is land for? The food, fuel and climate change debate Earthscan Publications Ltd. pp. 47-72

Comparing components of CO2 assimilation in a variety of willow species

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Andralojc, P. J., Bencze, S., Guinard, J., Shield, I. F., Karp, A. and Parry, M. A. J. 2009. Comparing components of CO2 assimilation in a variety of willow species. Abstracts Plant Biology 2009, Honolulu, 18-22 July 2009 .

Greenhouse gas emissions from four bioenergy crops in England and Wales: integrating spatial estimates of yield and soil carbon balance in life cycle analyses

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Hillier, J., Whittaker, C., Dailey, A. G., Aylott, M., Casella, E., Richter, G. M., Riche, A. B., Murphy, R., Taylor, G. and Smith, P. 2009. Greenhouse gas emissions from four bioenergy crops in England and Wales: integrating spatial estimates of yield and soil carbon balance in life cycle analyses. Global Change Biology. Bioenergy. 1 (4), pp. 267-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2009.01021.x

Host selection of the giant willow aphid (Tuberolachnus salignus)

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Aradottir, G. I., Karp, A., Hanley, S. J., Shield, I. F., Woodcock, C. M., Dewhirst, S. Y., Collins, M., Leather, S. and Harrington, R. 2009. Host selection of the giant willow aphid (Tuberolachnus salignus).  REDIA, XCII, 2009: 223-225.

Measurement of key compositional parameters in two species of energy grass by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Allison, G. G., Morris, C., Hodgson, E., Jones, J., Kubacki, M., Barraclough, T. J. P., Yates, N. E., Shield, I. F., Bridgwater, A. V. and Donnison, I. S. 2009. Measurement of key compositional parameters in two species of energy grass by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Bioresource Technology. 100, pp. 6428-6433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.015

Modelling the interaction between rhizome and aboveground growth dynamics of Miscanthus x giganteus

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Richter, G. M., Murphy, R. J., Riche, A. B., Umer, M. B. and Castle, M. 2009. Modelling the interaction between rhizome and aboveground growth dynamics of Miscanthus x giganteus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.636

Estimation of ramet production from Miscanthus x giganteus rhizome of different ages

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Christian, D. G., Yates, N. E. and Riche, A. B. 2009. Estimation of ramet production from Miscanthus x giganteus rhizome of different ages. Industrial Crops and Products. 30, pp. 176-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.02.007

New modelling approaches to estimate regional biomass supply and to simulate the growth of perennial biomass crops

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Richter, G. M., Dailey, A. G., Riche, A. B. and Sunneberg, G. 2009. New modelling approaches to estimate regional biomass supply and to simulate the growth of perennial biomass crops. Kersebaum, K. C., Muller, T. and Kage, H. (ed.) Modellierung des Systems Nutzpflanze-Boden - Herausforderungen des 21. Jahrhunderts (Berichte der Gesellschaft fur Pflanzenbauwissenschaften, Band 4) . Kiel University, Kiel. pp. 85-89

Land use implications of increased biomass production identified by GIS-based suitability and yield mapping for miscanthus in England

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Lovett, A. A., Sunnenberg, G. M., Richter, G. M., Dailey, A. G., Riche, A. B. and Karp, A. 2009. Land use implications of increased biomass production identified by GIS-based suitability and yield mapping for miscanthus in England. BioEnergy Research. 2 (1-2), pp. 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-008-9030-x

A novel, integrated approach to assessing social, economic and environmental implications of changing rural land-use: a case study of perennial biomass crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Haughton, A. J., Bond, A. J., Lovett, A. A., Dockerty, T., Sunnenberg, G., Clark, S. J., Bohan, D. A., Sage, R. B., Mallott, M. D., Mallott, V. E., Cunningham, M. D., Riche, A. B., Shield, I. F., Finch, J. W., Turner, M. M. and Karp, A. 2009. A novel, integrated approach to assessing social, economic and environmental implications of changing rural land-use: a case study of perennial biomass crops. Journal of Applied Ecology. 46 (2), pp. 315-322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01623.x

Quantification of hydroxycinnamic acids and lignin in perennial forage and energy grasses by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and partial least squares regression

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Allison, G. G., Thain, S. C., Morris, P., Morris, C., Hawkins, S., Hauck, B., Barraclough, T. J. P., Yates, N. E., Shield, I. F., Bridgwater, A. V. and Donnison, I. S. 2009. Quantification of hydroxycinnamic acids and lignin in perennial forage and energy grasses by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and partial least squares regression. Bioresource Technology. 100, pp. 1252-1261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.043

The effect of the size of the cuttings planted on the subsequent performance of three contrasting willow cultivars for short rotation coppice

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Shield, I. F., Macalpine, W. J. and Karp, A. 2008. The effect of the size of the cuttings planted on the subsequent performance of three contrasting willow cultivars for short rotation coppice. Biomass and Energy Crops III. Aspects of Applied Biology 90 . Association of Applied Biologists (AAB) Wellesbourne Warwick . pp. 225-231

Performance of 15 different Miscanthus species and genotypes over 11 years

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Riche, A. B., Yates, N. E. and Christian, D. G. 2008. Performance of 15 different Miscanthus species and genotypes over 11 years. Biomass and Energy Crops III. Aspects of Applied Biology 90 . Association of Applied Biologists (AAB) Wellesbourne Warwick . pp. 207-212

An empirical model for switchgrass to predict yield from site and climatic variables

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Riche, A. B., Gezan, S. A. and Yates, N. E. 2008. An empirical model for switchgrass to predict yield from site and climatic variables. Biomass and Energy Crops III. Aspects of Applied Biology 90 . Association of Applied Biologists (AAB) Wellesbourne Warwick . pp. 213-218

Overcoming barriers to crossing in willow (Salix spp.) breeding

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Macalpine, W. J., Shield, I. F., Trybush, S. O., Hayes, C. M. and Karp, A. 2008. Overcoming barriers to crossing in willow (Salix spp.) breeding. Biomass and Energy Crops III. Aspects of Applied Biology 90 . Association of Applied Biologists (AAB) Wellesbourne Warwick . pp. 173-180

Controlling for competition in neighbouring field plots in a willow (Salix spp.) trial

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Gezan, S. A., Macalpine, W. J., Shield, I. F. and Welham, S. J. 2008. Controlling for competition in neighbouring field plots in a willow (Salix spp.) trial. Aspects of Applied Biology. 90, pp. 181-187.

Over-winter yield decline in Switchgrass and Miscanthus

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Gezan, S. A. and Riche, A. B. 2008. Over-winter yield decline in Switchgrass and Miscanthus. Biomass and Energy Crops III. Aspects of Applied Biology 90 . Association of Applied Biologists (AAB) Wellesbourne Warwick . pp. 219-223

Soil water deficits and evaporation rates associated with Miscanthus in England

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Finch, J. W. and Riche, A. B. 2008. Soil water deficits and evaporation rates associated with Miscanthus in England. Biomass and Energy Crops III. Aspects of Applied Biology 90 . Association of Applied Biologists (AAB) Wellesbourne Warwick . pp. 295-302

Biomass fuel specification and matching to conversion processes

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Barraclough, T. J. P. and Shield, I. F. 2008. Biomass fuel specification and matching to conversion processes. Biomass and Energy Crops III. Aspects of Applied Biology 90 . Association of Applied Biologists (AAB) Wellesbourne Warwick . pp. 283-286

The influence of agronomic treatment on the combustion characteristics of some energy crops

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Darvell, L. I., Jones, J. M., Shield, I. F., Riche, A. B., Yates, N. E. and Barraclough, T. J. P. 2008. The influence of agronomic treatment on the combustion characteristics of some energy crops. Biomass and Energy Crops III. Aspects of Applied Biology 90 . Association of Applied Biologists (AAB) Wellesbourne Warwick . pp. 269-276

Biomass and energy crops III (Aspects of Applied Biology 90)

E - Books edited/written by staff member, alone/with others

Booth, E., Green, M., Karp, A., Shield, I. F. and Stock, D. Turley, D. (ed.) 2008. Biomass and energy crops III (Aspects of Applied Biology 90). Association of Applied Biologists, Wellesbourne.

Growth, yield and mineral content of Miscanthus x giganteus grown as a biofuel for 14 successive harvests

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Christian, D. G., Riche, A. B. and Yates, N. E. 2008. Growth, yield and mineral content of Miscanthus x giganteus grown as a biofuel for 14 successive harvests. Industrial Crops and Products. 28, pp. 320-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.02.009

Is UK biofuel supply from Miscanthus water-limited?

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Richter, G. M., Riche, A. B., Dailey, A. G., Gezan, S. A. and Powlson, D. S. 2008. Is UK biofuel supply from Miscanthus water-limited? Soil Use and Management. 24 (3), pp. 235-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2008.00156.x

Bioenergy from plants and the sustainable yield challenge

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Karp, A. and Shield, I. F. 2008. Bioenergy from plants and the sustainable yield challenge. New Phytologist. 179, pp. 15-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02432.x

Torrefaction of reed canary grass, wheat straw and willow to enhance solid fuel qualities and combustion properties

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Bridgeman, T. G., Jones, J. M., Shield, I. F. and Williams, P. T. 2008. Torrefaction of reed canary grass, wheat straw and willow to enhance solid fuel qualities and combustion properties. Fuel. 87, pp. 844-856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.05.041

Carbon sequestration in European soils through straw incorporation: limitations and alternatives

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Powlson, D. S., Riche, A. B., Coleman, K., Glendining, M. J. and Whitmore, A. P. 2008. Carbon sequestration in European soils through straw incorporation: limitations and alternatives. Waste Management. 28, pp. 741-746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.09.024

RELU-Biomass: social, economic and environmental implications of increasing rural land use under energy crops

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Karp, A., Riche, A. B., Shield, I. F., Haughton, A. J., Bohan, D. A., Lovett, A., Sunnenberg, G., Bond, A., Finch, J., Rosier, P., Turner, M., Farrar, J., Martin, G., Sage, R. and Cunningham, M. 2007. RELU-Biomass: social, economic and environmental implications of increasing rural land use under energy crops. Abstracts 16th International Plant Protection Congress (IPPC), Glasgow, 15-18 October 2007 .

Integration of crop models and constraint mapping for the projection of bioenergy production

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Richter, G. M., Lovett, A., Sunnenberg, G., Dailey, A. G., Riche, A. B. and Karp, A. 2007. Integration of crop models and constraint mapping for the projection of bioenergy production. Abstracts Farming Systems Design 2007: International Symposium on Methodologies for Integrated Analysis of Farm Production Systems, Catania, Sicily, 10-12 September 2007 .

Biomass supply for the UK energy market - modelling grass productivity

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Richter, G. M., Riche, A. B., Dailey, A. G. and Powlson, D. S. 2007. Biomass supply for the UK energy market - modelling grass productivity. Abstracts 2nd International Energy Farming Congress, Papenburg, 13-15 March 2007 .

Influence of particle size on the analytical and chemical properties of two energy crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Bridgeman, T. G., Darvell, L. I., Jones, J. M., Williams, P. T., Fahmi, R., Bridgwater, A. V., Barraclough, T. J. P., Shield, I. F., Yates, N. E., Thain, S. C. and Donnison, I. S. 2007. Influence of particle size on the analytical and chemical properties of two energy crops. Fuel. 86, pp. 60-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.06.022

The effect of harvest date on the yield and mineral content of Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canary grass) genotypes screened for their potential as energy crops in southern England

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Christian, D. G., Yates, N. E. and Riche, A. B. 2006. The effect of harvest date on the yield and mineral content of Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canary grass) genotypes screened for their potential as energy crops in southern England. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 86 (8), pp. 1181-1188. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2437

The recovery over several seasons of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to Miscanthus x giganteus ranging from 1 to 3 years old

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Christian, D. G., Poulton, P. R., Riche, A. B., Yates, N. E. and Todd, A. D. 2006. The recovery over several seasons of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to Miscanthus x giganteus ranging from 1 to 3 years old. Biomass & Bioenergy. 30, pp. 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.11.002

Biofuels and other approaches for decreasing fossil fuel emissions from agriculture

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Powlson, D. S., Riche, A. B. and Shield, I. F. 2005. Biofuels and other approaches for decreasing fossil fuel emissions from agriculture. Annals of Applied Biology - AAB. 146 (2), pp. 193-201. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2005.040056.x

Establishing Miscanthus sinensis from seed using conventional sowing methods

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Christian, D. G., Yates, N. E. and Riche, A. B. 2005. Establishing Miscanthus sinensis from seed using conventional sowing methods. Industrial Crops and Products. 21, pp. 109-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.01.004

The hydrological impacts of energy crop production in the UK. (Report by the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology for the Department of Trade and Industry B/CR/000783/00/00)

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Finch, J. W., Hall, R. L., Rosier, P. T. W., Clark, D. B., Stratford, C., Davies, H. N., Marsh, T. J., Roberts, J. M., Riche, A. B. and Christian, D. G. 2004. The hydrological impacts of energy crop production in the UK. (Report by the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology for the Department of Trade and Industry B/CR/000783/00/00).

Field-based nutritional response evaluation of the intolerant white lupin (Lupinus albus ) cultivar Lucyanne to a lime-amended soil

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Kerley, S. J., Shield, I. F., Scott, T. and Stevenson, H. 2004. Field-based nutritional response evaluation of the intolerant white lupin (Lupinus albus ) cultivar Lucyanne to a lime-amended soil. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 142, pp. 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859604003880

Climate change and soil functions: consequences of inaction and possible mitigations through land management

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Powlson, D. S., Falloon, P., Coleman, K., Cox, P., Gaunt, J. L., Shield, I. F., Riche, A. B. and Whitmore, A. P. 2003. Climate change and soil functions: consequences of inaction and possible mitigations through land management. Abstracts ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting. Changing Sciences for a Changing World: Building a Broader Vision, Denver, 2-6 November 2003 .

The potential of legumes to reduce nitrogen fertiliser use and protein imports into the UK: financial and environmental imperatives

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Hall, R., Dixon-Dawson, J., Andrews, M., Andrews, M. E. and Shield, I. F. 2003. The potential of legumes to reduce nitrogen fertiliser use and protein imports into the UK: financial and environmental imperatives. Crop Quality: its Role in Sustainable Livestock Production. Aspects of Applied Biology 70 . pp. 5-15

Climate change and soil functions: consequences of inaction and possible mitigations through land management

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Powlson, D. S., Falloon, P., Coleman, K., Cox, P., Gaunt, J. L., Shield, I. F. and Whitmore, A. P. 2003. Climate change and soil functions: consequences of inaction and possible mitigations through land management. Abstracts ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting. Changing Sciences for a Changing World: Building a Broader Vision, Denver, 2-6 November 2003 .

Environment and harvest time affects the combustion qualities of Miscanthus genotypes

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Lewandowski, I., Clifton-Brown, J. C., Andersson, B., Basch, G., Christian, D. G., Jorgensen, U., Jones, M. B., Riche, A. B., Schwarz, K. U., Tayebi, K. and Teixeira, F. 2003. Environment and harvest time affects the combustion qualities of Miscanthus genotypes. Agronomy Journal. 95, pp. 1274-1280.

The yield and composition of switchgrass and coastal panic grass grown as a biofuel in Southern England

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Christian, D. G., Riche, A. B. and Yates, N. E. 2002. The yield and composition of switchgrass and coastal panic grass grown as a biofuel in Southern England. Bioresource Technology. 83 (2), pp. 115-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00201-2

The effects of seed rate and row spacing on light interception, dry matter accumulation and seed yield in non-dwarf and dwarf genotypes of autumn-sown determinate white lupins (Lupinus albus ) in north-west Europe

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Shield, I. F., Scott, T., Huyghe, C., Bruneau, M., Parisseaux, B., Papineau, J., Harzic, N., Stevenson, H. J. and Leach, J. E. 2002. The effects of seed rate and row spacing on light interception, dry matter accumulation and seed yield in non-dwarf and dwarf genotypes of autumn-sown determinate white lupins (Lupinus albus ) in north-west Europe. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 138, pp. 39-55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859601001691

The yield, composition and production costs for seven varieties of switchgrass and one panic grass grown as a biofuel

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Christian, D. G., Riche, A. B. and Yates, N. E. 2001. The yield, composition and production costs for seven varieties of switchgrass and one panic grass grown as a biofuel . Aspects of Applied Biology. 65, pp. 199-204.

Harvest time and quality of different Miscanthus genotypes grown at five sites between Sweden and Portugal

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Lewandowski, I., Clifton-Brown, J., Jorgensen, U., Schwarz, K. U., Bonderup-Kjeldsen, J., Christian, D. G., Riche, A. B., Tayebi, K., Basch, G., Teixeira, F. and Andersson, B. 2001. Harvest time and quality of different Miscanthus genotypes grown at five sites between Sweden and Portugal. Proceedings 1st World Conference on Biomass for Energy and Industry, Seville, 5-9 June 2000 . London, James & James. pp. 286-289

Crop development and yield of different Miscanthus genotypes grown at five sites distributed between Sweden and Portugal

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Clifton-Brown, J. C., Lewandowski, I., Jorgensen, U., Christian, D. G., Riche, A. B., Tayebi, K., Basch, G., Schwarz, K. U., Bonderup-Kjeldsen, J. and Andersson, B. 2001. Crop development and yield of different Miscanthus genotypes grown at five sites distributed between Sweden and Portugal. Proceedings 1st World Conference on Biomass for Energy and Industry, Seville, 5-9 June 2000 . London, James & James. pp. 210-213

Performance of 15 Miscanthus genotypes at five sites in Europe

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Clifton-Brown, J. C., Lewandowski, I., Andersson, B., Basch, G., Christian, D. G., Kjeldsen, J. B., Jorgensen, U., Mortensen, J. V., Riche, A. B., Schwarz, K-U., Tayebi, K. and Teixeira, F. 2001. Performance of 15 Miscanthus genotypes at five sites in Europe. Agronomy Journal. 93 (5), pp. 1013-1019. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.9351013x

The yield, composition and production costs for seven varieties of switch grass and one panic grass grown as a biofuel

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Christian, D. G., Riche, A. B. and Yates, N. E. 2001. The yield, composition and production costs for seven varieties of switch grass and one panic grass grown as a biofuel. Biomass and Energy Crops II. Aspects of Applied Biology 65 . pp. 199-204

Estimates of rhizome weight of Miscanthus with time and rooting depth compared to switchgrass

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Riche, A. B. and Christian, D. G. 2001. Estimates of rhizome weight of Miscanthus with time and rooting depth compared to switchgrass. Aspects of Applied Biology. 65, pp. 147-152.

Rainfall interception by mature Miscanthus grass in SE England

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Riche, A. B. and Christian, D. G. 2001. Rainfall interception by mature Miscanthus grass in SE England. Aspects of Applied Biology. 65, pp. 143-146.

The causes of, and potential solutions to, seed yield instability in autumn-sown, determinate (restricted branching), white lupins (Lupinus albus L.)

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Shield, I. F., Stevenson, H. J., Scott, T. and Leach, J. E. 2001. The causes of, and potential solutions to, seed yield instability in autumn-sown, determinate (restricted branching), white lupins (Lupinus albus L.). vanSanten, E., Roemer, P., Weissmann, S. and Wink, M. (ed.) Lupin, an Ancient Crop for the New Millenium. Proceedings 9th International Lupin Conference, Klink/Muritz, 20-24 June 1999 . International Lupin Association, Canterbury, New Zealand. pp. 339-345

The intolerance of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) to alkaline soils and its adaptation to a patchy soil environment

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Kerley, S. J. and Shield, I. F. 2001. The intolerance of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) to alkaline soils and its adaptation to a patchy soil environment. vanSanten, E., Roemer, P., Weissmann, S. and Wink, M. (ed.) Lupin, an Ancient Crop for the New Millennium. Proceedings of the 9th International Lupin Conference, Klink/Muritz, 20-24 June 1999 . International Lupin Association, Canterbury, New Zealand. pp. 243-245

Specific and genotypic variation in the nutrient content of lupin species in soils of neutral and alkaline pH

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Kerley, S. J., Shield, I. F. and Huyghe, C. 2001. Specific and genotypic variation in the nutrient content of lupin species in soils of neutral and alkaline pH. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 52, pp. 93-102.

Evaluating grasses as a long-term energy resource. ETSU B/CR/00651/REP; DTI/Pub URN 01/780

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Christian, D. G. and Riche, A. B. 2001. Evaluating grasses as a long-term energy resource. ETSU B/CR/00651/REP; DTI/Pub URN 01/780.

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation during pod wall development of white lupin genotypes differing in proportion of pod walls

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Lagunes-Espinoza, L. C., Huyghe, C., Papineau, J. and Shield, I. F. 2000. Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation during pod wall development of white lupin genotypes differing in proportion of pod walls. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 135, pp. 389-397. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859699008278

The causes of over-winter plant losses of autumn-sown white lupins (Lupinus albus ) in different regions of the UK over three seasons

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Shield, I. F., Scott, T., Stevenson, H. J., Leach, J. E. and Todd, A. D. 2000. The causes of over-winter plant losses of autumn-sown white lupins (Lupinus albus ) in different regions of the UK over three seasons. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 135, pp. 173-183. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859699008047

Evaluation of some herbaceous grasses as biomass crops in southern England

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Christian, D. G., Riche, A. B. and Yates, N. E. 1999. Evaluation of some herbaceous grasses as biomass crops in southern England. Kontturi, M., Pithan, K., Topi-Hulmi, M., Sankari, H., Sahramaa, M., Partala, A., Pahkala, K., Christiansen, J. and Mela, T. (ed.) Proceedings Alternative Crops for Sustainable Agriculture: Research Progress COST 814, Turku, Finland, 13-15 June 1999 . European Commission, Luxembourg. pp. 58-69

The causes of, and potential solutions to, yield instability in autumn-sown, determinate (restricted branching) white lupins (Lupinus albus L.)

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Shield, I. F., Stevenson, H. J., Scott, T., Leach, J. E. and Milford, G. F. J. 1999. The causes of, and potential solutions to, yield instability in autumn-sown, determinate (restricted branching) white lupins (Lupinus albus L.). Abstracts 9th International Lupin Conference: Lupin - an Ancient Crop for the New Millennium, Klink, 20-24 June 1999 . pp. 297

The intolerance of the white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) to alkaline soils and its adaptation to a patchy soil environment

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Kerley, S. J. and Shield, I. F. 1999. The intolerance of the white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) to alkaline soils and its adaptation to a patchy soil environment. Abstracts 9th International Lupin Conference: Lupin - an Ancient Crop for the New Millennium, Klink, 20-24 June 1999 . pp. 147

Organisation and objectives of the European LUPIN Programme

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Huyghe, C., Harzic, N., Milford, G. F. J., Shield, I. F., Gamerre, V., Christiansen, J., Jornsgard, B., Romer, P., De Rocha, J. and Knudsen, K. E. B. 1999. Organisation and objectives of the European LUPIN Programme. Abstracts 9th International Lupin Conference: Lupin - an Ancient Crop for the New Millennium, Klink, 20-24 June 1999 . pp. 123

Monitoring the growth and yield of crops grown as biofuels (ETSU B/W2/00548/11/REP)

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Christian, D. G., Riche, A. B. and Yates, N. E. 1999. Monitoring the growth and yield of crops grown as biofuels (ETSU B/W2/00548/11/REP). DTI, London.

The performance of autumn-sown determinate white lupins (Lupinus albus L.) in different regions of the UK, 1997 and 1998

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Shield, I. F., Lockley, K. D., Carpanini, J. J., Spink, J. H. and Snowden, K. 1999. The performance of autumn-sown determinate white lupins (Lupinus albus L.) in different regions of the UK, 1997 and 1998. Protection and Production of Combinable Break Crops. Aspects of Applied Biology 56 . pp. 219-225

The use of physiological criteria to optimise production in white lupins

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Milford, G. F. J., Shield, I. F. and Huyghe, C. 1999. The use of physiological criteria to optimise production in white lupins. Proceedings 8th International Lupin Conference, Monterey, 1996 . pp. 2-10

Comparison of autumn-sown white lupin cultivars (Lupinus albus) for the UK

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications

Leach, J. E., Stevenson, H. J., Shield, I. F., Scott, T. and Milford, G. F. J. 1999. Comparison of autumn-sown white lupin cultivars (Lupinus albus) for the UK. Annals of Applied Biology (Tests of Agrochemicals and Cultivars). 20, pp. 50-51.

Establishing fuel specifications of non-wood biomass crops (ETSU B/U1/00612/REP)

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential

Christian, D. G. and Riche, A. B. 1999. Establishing fuel specifications of non-wood biomass crops (ETSU B/U1/00612/REP). DTI, London.

Seed and pod development of autumn-sown, determinate white lupins (Lupinus albus ) in relation to the assimilation and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen in crops grown at different densities

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Milford, G. F. J., Shield, I. F., Stevenson, J. H., Scott, T. and Leach, J. E. 1999. Seed and pod development of autumn-sown, determinate white lupins (Lupinus albus ) in relation to the assimilation and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen in crops grown at different densities. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 133, pp. 141-150. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859699006826

A comparison of management regimes for one-year rotational set-aside within a sequence of winter wheat crops, and of growing wheat without interruption. 2. Effects on vegetation and weed control

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Shield, I. F. and Bacon, E. T. G. 1998. A comparison of management regimes for one-year rotational set-aside within a sequence of winter wheat crops, and of growing wheat without interruption. 2. Effects on vegetation and weed control. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 130, pp. 389-397. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859698005449

Daylength responses, flowering time, and seed filling in lupins

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Dracup, M., Thomson, B., Reader, M., Kirby, E. J. M., Shield, I. F. and Leach, J. E. 1998. Daylength responses, flowering time, and seed filling in lupins. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 49, pp. 1047-1055.

Nutrient requirement and cycling in energy crops

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Christian, D. G., Riche, A. B. and Yates, N. E. 1998. Nutrient requirement and cycling in energy crops. elBassam, N. (ed.) Sustainable agriculture for food, energy and industry . James & James, London. pp. 799-804

Nitrate leaching losses under Miscanthus grass planted on a silty clay loam soil

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Christian, D. G. and Riche, A. B. 1998. Nitrate leaching losses under Miscanthus grass planted on a silty clay loam soil. Soil Use and Management. 14 (3), pp. 131-135.

Factors affecting winter survival of the florally determinate white lupin cv. Lucyane

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Bateman, G. L., Ferguson, A. W. and Shield, I. F. 1997. Factors affecting winter survival of the florally determinate white lupin cv. Lucyane. Annals of Applied Biology - AAB. 130 (2), pp. 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1997.tb06838.x

Uptake of nitrogen by Miscanthus

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Christian, D. G. and Riche, A. B. 1997. Uptake of nitrogen by Miscanthus. Biewinga, E. E. and vanderBijl, G. (ed.) Proceedings Conference on the Environmental Impact of Biomass for Energy, Noordwijkerhout, 4-5 November 1996 . Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Utrecht. pp. 71-72

Nitrate leaching under Miscanthus grass

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Christian, D. G., Riche, A. B. and Yates, N. E. 1997. Nitrate leaching under Miscanthus grass. Biewinga, E. E. and vanderBijl, G. (ed.) Proceedings Conference on the Environmental Impact of Biomass for Energy, Noordwijkerhout, 4-5 November 1996 . Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Utrecht. pp. 69-70

The recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to Miscanthus x giganteus

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Christian, D. G., Poulton, P. R., Riche, A. B. and Yates, N. E. 1997. The recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to Miscanthus x giganteus. Biomass & Bioenergy. 12 (1), pp. 21-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(96)00060-8

The place of autumn sown lupins in arable rotations in Northern Britain

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Shield, I. F. and Scott, T. 1996. The place of autumn sown lupins in arable rotations in Northern Britain. Rotations and Cropping Systems. Aspects of Applied Biology 47 . pp. 375-378

The costs of alternative methods of managing set-aside land within the European Community

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Shield, I. F., Godwin, R. J. and Smith, D. L. O. 1996. The costs of alternative methods of managing set-aside land within the European Community. Soil & Tillage Research. 37, pp. 273-287.

The potential of lupins for UK agriculture

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Milford, G. F. J. and Shield, I. F. 1996. The potential of lupins for UK agriculture. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 157, pp. 84-91.

Effect of sowing date and planting density on the structure and yield of autumn-sown, florally-determinate white lupins (Lupinus albus) in the United Kingdom

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Shield, I. F., Stevenson, J. H., Leach, J. E., Scott, T., Day, J. M. and Milford, G. F. J. 1996. Effect of sowing date and planting density on the structure and yield of autumn-sown, florally-determinate white lupins (Lupinus albus) in the United Kingdom. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 127 (2), pp. 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600077960

Simple physiological models of plant development for the white lupin (Lupinus albus ) and their use in agricultural practice

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies

Milford, G. F. J., Shield, I. F., Siddons, P. A., Jones, R. J. A. and Huyghe, C. 1996. Simple physiological models of plant development for the white lupin (Lupinus albus ) and their use in agricultural practice. Modelling in Applied Biology. Aspects of Applied Biology 46 . pp. 1-6

The performance of autumn-sown determinate genotypes of the white lupin (Lupinus albus ) in different regions of the United Kingdom

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences

Shield, I. F. and Milford, G. F. J. 1995. The performance of autumn-sown determinate genotypes of the white lupin (Lupinus albus ) in different regions of the United Kingdom. Proceedings 2nd European Grain Legume Conference, Copenhagen, 1995 . pp. 144