Plant pathogen diagnostics: immunological and nucleic acid-based approaches

Accurate disease diagnosis and precise identification of any pathogens involved is an essential prerequisite for understanding plant diseases and controlling them effectively. Traditional methods of identifying plant pathogens can be slow and inconclusive, and this has prompted the search for alternative diagnostic techniques. Here, we review recent developments in antibody-based and nucleic acid-based diagnostic methods, and their applications in plant pathology. We also highlight some new developments in diagnostics that are likely to make an impact in the future.