Are azole fungicides losing ground against Septoria wheat disease? Resistance mechanisms in Mycosphaerella graminicola

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Cools, H. J. and Fraaije, B. A. 2008. Are azole fungicides losing ground against Septoria wheat disease? Resistance mechanisms in Mycosphaerella graminicola. Pest Management Science. 64 (7), pp. 681-684. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1568

AuthorsCools, H. J. and Fraaije, B. A.
Abstract

There has been a recent rapid decline in the efficacy of some, but not all, azole fungicides in controlling the Septoria leaf blotch pathogen of wheat, Mycosphaerella graminicola. Hans J. Cools and Bart A. Fraaije ask the question: can widespread resistance to all azoles develop in this pathogen?

Year of Publication2008
JournalPest Management Science
Journal citation64 (7), pp. 681-684
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1568
PubMed ID18366065
Open accessPublished as non-open access
FunderBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
Funder project or codeCentre for Sustainable Pest and Disease Management (PDM)
Understanding the evolution and dynamics of fungicide resistance development in cereal pathogens
Publisher's version
Copyright license
Publisher copyright
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online25 Mar 2008
Publication process dates
Accepted13 Dec 2007
ISSN1526-498X
PublisherWiley

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Constraints on the evolution of azole resistance in plant pathogenic fungi

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Cools, H. J., Hawkins, N. J. and Fraaije, B. A. 2013. Constraints on the evolution of azole resistance in plant pathogenic fungi. Plant Pathology. 62 (Suppl. 1), pp. 36-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12128

Simultaneous real-time PCR detection of Fusarium asiaticum, F. ussurianum and F. vorosii, representing the Asian clade of the F. graminearum species complex

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Fernandez-Ortuno, D., Waalwijk, C., Van Der Lee, T., Fan, J., Atkins, S., West, J. S. and Fraaije, B. A. 2013. Simultaneous real-time PCR detection of Fusarium asiaticum, F. ussurianum and F. vorosii, representing the Asian clade of the F. graminearum species complex. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 166, pp. 148-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.06.007

Detection and molecular characterisation of Pyrenopeziza brassicae isolates resistant to methyl benzimidazole carbamates

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Carter, H. E., Cools, H. J., West, J. S., Shaw, M. W. and Fraaije, B. A. 2013. Detection and molecular characterisation of Pyrenopeziza brassicae isolates resistant to methyl benzimidazole carbamates. Pest Management Science. 69 (9), pp. 1040-1048. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3585

One step ahead? The evolution of fungicide resistance in Septoria leaf blotch of wheat

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Lucas, J. A., Cools, H. J. and Fraaije, B. A. 2013. One step ahead? The evolution of fungicide resistance in Septoria leaf blotch of wheat. Abstracts Society for General Microbiology Autumn Conference, Brighton, 2-4 September 2013 . pp. 13

Risk assessment on the impact of environmental usage of triazoles on the development and spread of resistance to medical triazoles in Aspergillus species (ECDC Technical Report)

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential
Kleinkauf, N., Verweij, P. E., Arendrup, M. C., Donnelly, P. J., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Fraaije, B. A., Melchers, W. J. G., Adriaenssens, N., Kema, G. H. J., Ullmann, A., Bowyer, P. and Denning, D. W. 2013. Risk assessment on the impact of environmental usage of triazoles on the development and spread of resistance to medical triazoles in Aspergillus species (ECDC Technical Report). ECDC, Stockholm. https://doi.org/10.2900/76274

CYP51 paralogues and azole sensitivity in Rhynchosporium commune

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Hawkins, N. J., Cools, H. J. and Fraaije, B. A. 2013. CYP51 paralogues and azole sensitivity in Rhynchosporium commune. Chinese Society for Plant Pathology.

Evolution and spread of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates overexpressing CYP51 or carrying different CYP51 variants in response to azole fungicide applications

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fraaije, B. A., Atkins, S., Luo, J., De La Fuente, P. D., Hawkins, N. J. and Cools, H. J. 2013. Evolution and spread of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates overexpressing CYP51 or carrying different CYP51 variants in response to azole fungicide applications. Chinese Society for Plant Pathology.

Update on the evolution and selection for azole and Succinate DeHydrogenase Inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide insensitivity in UK Mycosphaerella graminicola populations

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fraaije, B. A. 2013. Update on the evolution and selection for azole and Succinate DeHydrogenase Inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide insensitivity in UK Mycosphaerella graminicola populations. Chinese Society for Plant Pathology.

Detection of azole insensitive CYP51 over-expressing strains of Mycosphaerella graminicola using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fraaije, B. A. and Cools, H. J. 2013. Detection of azole insensitive CYP51 over-expressing strains of Mycosphaerella graminicola using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays. Chinese Society for Plant Pathology.

Genus-specific CYP51C of Fusarium graminearum identified as a novel CYP51 rather than azole fungicide target sterol 14alpha-demethylases

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fan, J., Urban, M., Parker, J. E., Brewer, H. C., Kelly, S. L., Hammond-Kosack, K. E., Fraaije, B. A., Liu, X. and Cools, H. J. 2013. Genus-specific CYP51C of Fusarium graminearum identified as a novel CYP51 rather than azole fungicide target sterol 14alpha-demethylases. Chinese Society for Plant Pathology.

Prothioconazole and prothioconazole-desthio activities against Candida albicans sterol 14-alpha-demethylase

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Parker, J. E., Warrilow, A. G. S., Cools, H. J., Fraaije, B. A., Lucas, J. A., Rigdova, K., Griffiths, W. J., Kelly, D. E. and Kelly, S. L. 2013. Prothioconazole and prothioconazole-desthio activities against Candida albicans sterol 14-alpha-demethylase. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 79, pp. 1639-1645. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03246-12

Characterization of the sterol 14alpha-demethylases of Fusarium graminearum identifies a novel genus-specific CYP51 function

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Fan, J., Urban, M., Parker, J. E., Brewer, H. C., Kelly, S. L., Hammond-Kosack, K. E., Fraaije, B. A., Liu, X. and Cools, H. J. 2013. Characterization of the sterol 14alpha-demethylases of Fusarium graminearum identifies a novel genus-specific CYP51 function. New Phytologist. 198 (3), pp. 821-835. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12193

Exploitation of genomics in fungicide research: current status and future perspectives

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Cools, H. J. and Hammond-Kosack, K. E. 2013. Exploitation of genomics in fungicide research: current status and future perspectives. Molecular Plant Pathology. 14 (2), pp. 197-210. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12001

Update on mechanisms of azole resistance in Mycosphaerella graminicola and implications for future control

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Cools, H. J. and Fraaije, B. A. 2013. Update on mechanisms of azole resistance in Mycosphaerella graminicola and implications for future control. Pest Management Science. 69 (2), pp. 150-155. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3348

Role of inoculum sources in Rhynchosporium population dynamics and epidemics on barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Fitt, B. D. L., Atkins, S. D., Fraaije, B. A., Lucas, J. A., Newton, A. C., Looseley, M., Werner, P., Harrap, D., Ashworth, M., Southgate, J., Phillips, H. and Gilchrist, A. 2012. Role of inoculum sources in Rhynchosporium population dynamics and epidemics on barley. HGCA Project Report. 486.

Investigations into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the decline in sensitivity to DMI fungicides in Mycosphaerella graminicola populations

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fraaije, B. A. and Cools, H. J. 2012. Investigations into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the decline in sensitivity to DMI fungicides in Mycosphaerella graminicola populations. American Phytopathological Society (APS).

Reduced azole sensitivity in the oilseed rape pathogen Pyrenopziza brassicae

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Carter, H. E., Cools, H. J., West, J. S., Shaw, M., Mehl, A. and Fraaije, B. A. 2012. Reduced azole sensitivity in the oilseed rape pathogen Pyrenopziza brassicae. American Phytopathological Society (APS).

Detection and quantification of airborne inoculum of Pyrenopeziza brassicae in Polish and UK winter oilseed rape crops by real-time PCR assays

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Karolewski, Z., Kaczmarek, J., Jedryczka, M., Cools, H. J., Fraaije, B. A., Lucas, J. A. and Latunde-Dada, A. O. 2012. Detection and quantification of airborne inoculum of Pyrenopeziza brassicae in Polish and UK winter oilseed rape crops by real-time PCR assays. Grana. 51, pp. 270-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2011.653401

Quantitative PCR analysis of abundance of airborne propagules of Leptosphaeria species in air samples from different regions of Poland

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Kaczmarek, J., Jedryczka, M., Cools, H. J., Fitt, B. D. L., Lucas, J. A. and Latunde-Dada, A. O. 2012. Quantitative PCR analysis of abundance of airborne propagules of Leptosphaeria species in air samples from different regions of Poland. Aerobiologia. 28, pp. 199-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-011-9228-9

Overexpression of the sterol 14α-demethylase gene (MgCYP51) in Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates confers a novel azole fungicide sensitivity phenotype.

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Cools, H. J., Bayon, C., Atkins, S., Lucas, J. A. and Fraaije, B. A. 2012. Overexpression of the sterol 14α-demethylase gene (MgCYP51) in Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates confers a novel azole fungicide sensitivity phenotype. Pest Management Science. 68 (7), pp. 1034-1040. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3263

Genetic basis of control of Rynchosporium secalis infection and symptom expression in barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Looseley, M. E., Newton, A. C., Atkins, S. D., Fitt, B. D. L., Fraaije, B. A., Thomas, W. T. B., Keith, R., Macaulay, M., Lynott, J. and Harrap, D. 2012. Genetic basis of control of Rynchosporium secalis infection and symptom expression in barley. Euphytica. 184, pp. 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-011-0485-z

Risk assessment studies on succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, the new weapons in the battle to control Septoria leaf blotch in wheat

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Fraaije, B. A., Bayon, C., Atkins, S., Cools, H. J., Lucas, J. A. and Fraaije, M. W. 2012. Risk assessment studies on succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, the new weapons in the battle to control Septoria leaf blotch in wheat. Molecular Plant Pathology. 13 (3), pp. 263-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00746.x

Resistance to azole fungicides in Mycosphaerella graminicola: mechanisms and management

B - Book chapters etc edited externally
Cools, H. J. and Fraaije, B. A. 2012. Resistance to azole fungicides in Mycosphaerella graminicola: mechanisms and management. in: Thind, T. S. (ed.) Fungicide resistance in crop protection: risk and management CABI International, Wallingford, Oxon (CABI). pp. 64-77

Development of QoI resistance in Ramularia collo-cygni populations

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Fountaine, J. M., Burnett, F. J. and Fraaije, B. A. 2011. Development of QoI resistance in Ramularia collo-cygni populations. Dehne, H. W. (ed.) Modern fungicides and antifungal compounds VI . DPG, Braunschweig. pp. 199-202

Molecular mechanisms of altered triazole sensitivity in Rhynchosporium secalis

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Hawkins, N. J., Cools, H. J., Shaw, M. W., Sierotzki, H. and Fraaije, B. A. 2011. Molecular mechanisms of altered triazole sensitivity in Rhynchosporium secalis. Dehne, H. W. (ed.) Modern fungicides and antifungal compounds VI . DPG, Braunschwieg. pp. 129-134

The CYP51C gene, a novel and useful phylogenetic marker to distinguish different Fusarium species on cereals

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Fernandez-Ortuno, D., Loza-Reyes, E., Rogers, S. L. and Fraaije, B. A. 2011. The CYP51C gene, a novel and useful phylogenetic marker to distinguish different Fusarium species on cereals. Dehne, H. W. (ed.) Modern fungicides and antifungal compounds VI . DPG, Braunschweig. pp. 413-416

Functional characterisation of Mycosphaerella graminicola sterol 14alpha-demethylase variants resistant to azole fungicides

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Cools, H. J., Parker, J. E., Kelly, D. E., Lucas, J. A., Kelly, S. L. and Fraaije, B. A. 2011. Functional characterisation of Mycosphaerella graminicola sterol 14alpha-demethylase variants resistant to azole fungicides. Dehne, H. W. (ed.) Modern fungicides and antifungal compounds VI . DPG, Braunschweig. pp. 123-128

Molecular modelling of the emergence of azole resistance in Mycosphaerella graminicola

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Mullins, J. G. L., Parker, J. E., Cools, H. J., Togawa, R. C., Lucas, J. A., Fraaije, B. A., Kelly, D. E. and Kelly, S. L. 2011. Molecular modelling of the emergence of azole resistance in Mycosphaerella graminicola. PLOS ONE. 6, p. e20973. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020973

Effects of fungicide on growth of Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa in relation to development of phoma stem canker on oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Huang, Y. J., Hood, J. R., Eckert, M. R., Stonard, J. F., Cools, H. J., King, G. J., Rossall, S., Ashworth, M. and Fitt, B. D. L. 2011. Effects of fungicide on growth of Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa in relation to development of phoma stem canker on oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Plant Pathology. 60 (4), pp. 607-620. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02416.x

Finished genome of the fungal wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola reveals dispensome structure, chromosome plasticity and stealth pathogenesis

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Goodwin, S. B., Ben M'barek, S., Dhillon, B., Wittenberg, A. H. J., Crane, C. F., Hane, J. K., Foster, A. J., Van Der Lee, T. A. J., Grimwood, J., Aerts, A., Antoniw, J. F., Bailey, A., Bluhm, B., Bowler, J., Bristow, J., Van Der Burgt, A., Canto-Canche, B., Churchill, A. C. L., Conde-Ferraez, L., Cools, H. J., Coutinho, P. M., Csukai, M., Dehal, P., De Wit, P., Donzelli, B., Van De Geest, H. C., Van Ham, R. C. H. J., Hammond-Kosack, K. E. and Rudd, J. J. 2011. Finished genome of the fungal wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola reveals dispensome structure, chromosome plasticity and stealth pathogenesis. PLOS Genetics. 7, p. e1002070 (17pp). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002070

Impact of recently emerged sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) variants of Mycosphaerella graminicola on azole fungicide sensitivity

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Cools, H. J., Mullins, J. G. L., Fraaije, B. A., Parker, J. E., Kelly, D. E., Lucas, J. A. and Kelly, S. L. 2011. Impact of recently emerged sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) variants of Mycosphaerella graminicola on azole fungicide sensitivity. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77, pp. 3830-3837. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00027-11

Derivation and testing of a model to predict selection for fungicide resistance

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Hobbelen, P. H. F., Paveley, N. D., Fraaije, B. A., Lucas, J. A. and Van Den Bosch, F. 2011. Derivation and testing of a model to predict selection for fungicide resistance. Plant Pathology. 60 (2), pp. 304-313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02380.x

Mechanism of binding of prothioconazole to Mycosphaerella graminicola CYP51 differs from that of other azole antifungals

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Parker, J. E., Warrilow, A. G. S., Cools, H. J., Martel, C. M., Nes, W. D., Fraaije, B. A., Lucas, J. A., Kelly, D. E. and Kelly, S. L. 2011. Mechanism of binding of prothioconazole to Mycosphaerella graminicola CYP51 differs from that of other azole antifungals. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77, pp. 1460-1465. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01332-10

The use of a CYP51C gene based on PCR-RFLP assay for simultaneous detection and identification of Fusarium avenaceum and F. tricinctum in wheat

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Fernandez-Ortuno, D., Atkins, S. L. and Fraaije, B. A. 2011. The use of a CYP51C gene based on PCR-RFLP assay for simultaneous detection and identification of Fusarium avenaceum and F. tricinctum in wheat. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 145, pp. 370-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.011

Impacts of changing air composition on severity of arable crop disease epidemics

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Fitt, B. D. L., Fraaije, B. A., Chandramohan, P. and Shaw, M. W. 2011. Impacts of changing air composition on severity of arable crop disease epidemics. Plant Pathology. 60 (1), pp. 44-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02413.x

Investigating altered triazole sensitivity in Rhynchosporium secalis

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Hawkins, N. D., Cools, H. J., Shaw, M. W., Sierotzki, H. and Fraaije, B. A. 2010. Investigating altered triazole sensitivity in Rhynchosporium secalis. American Phytopathological Society (APS).

The CYP51C gene, a novel marker for phylogenetic analysis of Fusarium species

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fernandez-Ortuno, D., Loza-Reyes, E., Rogers, S. L. and Fraaije, B. A. 2010. The CYP51C gene, a novel marker for phylogenetic analysis of Fusarium species.

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor resistance risk assessment studies on Mycosphaerella graminicola the causal agent of septoria leaf blotch

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Bayon, C., Fraaije, M. W., Cools, H. J., Rogers, S. L., Lucas, J. A. and Fraaije, B. A. 2010. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor resistance risk assessment studies on Mycosphaerella graminicola the causal agent of septoria leaf blotch.

Derivation and validation of a model to predict selection for fungicide resistance

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Hobbelen, P. H., Paveley, N. D., Fraaije, B. A., Lucas, J. A. and Van Den Bosch, F. 2010. Derivation and validation of a model to predict selection for fungicide resistance.

The CYP51C gene, a reliable marker to resolve interspecific phylogenetic relationships within the Fusarium species complex and a novel target for species-specific PCR

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Fernandez-Ortuno, D., Loza-Reyes, E., Atkins, S. L. and Fraaije, B. A. 2010. The CYP51C gene, a reliable marker to resolve interspecific phylogenetic relationships within the Fusarium species complex and a novel target for species-specific PCR. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 144, pp. 301-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.10.013

Prothioconazole binds to Mycosphaerella graminicola CYP51 by a different mechanism compared to other azole antifungals

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Parker, J. E., Warrilow, A., Cools, H. J., Martel, C. M., Nes, W. D., Fraaije, B. A., Lucas, J. A., Kelly, D. E. and Kelly, S. L. 2010. Prothioconazole binds to Mycosphaerella graminicola CYP51 by a different mechanism compared to other azole antifungals. Abstracts 10th International Symposium on Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Woods Hole, 3-7 October 2010 .

CYP51 paralogues and azole fungicide sensitivity in Rhynchosporium secalis

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Hawkins, N. J., Cools, H. J., Sierotzki, H., Shaw, M. and Fraaije, B. A. 2010. CYP51 paralogues and azole fungicide sensitivity in Rhynchosporium secalis. Abstracts 10th International Symposium on Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Woods Hole, 3-7 October 2010 .

Recent evolution of P450 sterol 14a-demethylase (CYP51) of the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola in response to selection by azole fungicides

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Cools, H. J. 2010. Recent evolution of P450 sterol 14a-demethylase (CYP51) of the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola in response to selection by azole fungicides. Abstracts 10th International Symposium on Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Woods Hole, 3-7 October 2010 .

Molecular mechanisms of altered fungicide sensitivity in Rhynchosporium secalis

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Hawkins, N. D., Cools, H. J., Shaw, M. W., Sierotzki, H. and Fraaije, B. A. 2010. Molecular mechanisms of altered fungicide sensitivity in Rhynchosporium secalis. Abstracts 16th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium: Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds, Friedrichroda, 25-29 April 2010 . pp. 50

Evolutionary bi-stability in pathogen transmission mode

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Van Den Bosch, F., Fraaije, B. A., Van Den Berg, F. and Shaw, M. W. 2010. Evolutionary bi-stability in pathogen transmission mode. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 277, pp. 1735-1742. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.2211

Effects of DMI fungicides on selection of CYP51 variants in UK populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fraaije, B. A., Rogers, S., Bayon, C., Cools, H. J. and Lucas, J. A. 2010. Effects of DMI fungicides on selection of CYP51 variants in UK populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Abstracts 16th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium: Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds, Friedrichroda, 25-29 April 2010 . pp. 84

Development of QO1 resistance in Ramularia collocygni populations

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fountaine, J. M., Burnett, F. J. and Fraaije, B. A. 2010. Development of QO1 resistance in Ramularia collocygni populations. Abstracts 16th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium: Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds, Friedrichroda, 25-29 April 2010 . pp. 136

The CYP51C gene, a novel and useful phylogenetic marker to distinguish different Fusarium species on cereals

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fernandez-Ortuno, D., Loza-Reyes, E., Rogers, S. L. and Fraaije, B. A. 2010. The CYP51C gene, a novel and useful phylogenetic marker to distinguish different Fusarium species on cereals. Abstracts 16th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium: Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds, Friedrichroda, 25-29 April 2010 . pp. 196

Heterologous expression of mutated eburicol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) proteins of Mycosphaerella graminicola to assess effects on azole fungicide sensitivity and intrinsic protein function

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Cools, H. J., Parker, J. E., Kelly, D. E., Lucas, J. A., Fraaije, B. A. and Kelly, S. L. 2010. Heterologous expression of mutated eburicol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) proteins of Mycosphaerella graminicola to assess effects on azole fungicide sensitivity and intrinsic protein function. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 76, pp. 2866-2872. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02158-09

Functional characterisation of Mycosphaerella graminicola sterol 14alpha-demethylase (MgCYP51) variants resistant to azole fungicides

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Cools, H. J., Parker, J. E., Motteram, J., Kelly, D. E., Lucas, J. A., Rudd, J. J., Kelly, S. L. and Fraaije, B. A. 2010. Functional characterisation of Mycosphaerella graminicola sterol 14alpha-demethylase (MgCYP51) variants resistant to azole fungicides. Abstracts 16th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium: Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds, Friedrichroda, 25-29 April 2010 .

The role of seeds and airborne inoculum in the initiation of leaf blotch (Rhynchosporium secalis) epidemics in winter barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Fountaine, J. M., Shaw, M. W., Ward, E. and Fraaije, B. A. 2010. The role of seeds and airborne inoculum in the initiation of leaf blotch (Rhynchosporium secalis) epidemics in winter barley. Plant Pathology. 59 (2), pp. 330-337. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02213.x

Rynchosporium secalis: a historical perspective

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Atkins, S. D., King, K. M., Fraaije, B. A. and Newton, A. C. 2010. Rynchosporium secalis: a historical perspective. Proceedings Dundee Conference on Crop Protection in Northern Britain, Dundee, 23-24 February 2010 . pp. 103-108

The epidemiological importance of asymptomatic infection of winter barley by Rhynchosporium secalis and its consequences for crop protection and breeding

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Atkins, S. D., Fitt, B. D. L., Fraaije, B. A., Harvey, S., Lynott, J. and Newton, A. C. 2010. The epidemiological importance of asymptomatic infection of winter barley by Rhynchosporium secalis and its consequences for crop protection and breeding. Proceedings Dundee Conference on Crop Protection in Northern Britain, Dundee, 23-24 February 2010 . pp. 81-86

Identification and characterisation of Mycosphaerella graminicola secreted or surface-associated proteins with variable intragenic coding repeats

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Rudd, J. J., Antoniw, J. F., Marshall, R., Motteram, J., Fraaije, B. A. and Hammond-Kosack, K. E. 2010. Identification and characterisation of Mycosphaerella graminicola secreted or surface-associated proteins with variable intragenic coding repeats. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 47, pp. 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2009.10.009

Pest wars - press paper

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Lucas, J. A., Field, L. M., Cools, H. J. and Hammond-Kosack, K. E. 2009. Pest wars - press paper. Pest Wars: British Science Festival, Guildford, 8 September 2009 .

Sterol content analysis suggests altered eburicol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) activity in isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola adapted to azole fungicides

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Bean, T. P., Cools, H. J., Lucas, J. A., Hawkins, N. D., Ward, J. L., Shaw, M. W. and Fraaije, B. A. 2009. Sterol content analysis suggests altered eburicol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) activity in isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola adapted to azole fungicides. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 296, pp. 266-273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01645.x

Impact of proquinazid on appressorial development of the barley powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp hordei

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Gilbert, S. R., Cools, H. J., Fraaije, B. A., Bailey, A. M. and Lucas, J. A. 2009. Impact of proquinazid on appressorial development of the barley powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp hordei. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 94, pp. 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2009.04.011

Understanding fungicide mixtures to control Rhynchosporium in barley and minimise resistance shifts. HGCA Project Report No. 436

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential
Oxley, S. J. P., Burnett, F., Hunter, E,. A., Fraaije, B. A., Cooke, L. R., Mercer, P. C. and Gilchrist, A. 2008. Understanding fungicide mixtures to control Rhynchosporium in barley and minimise resistance shifts. HGCA Project Report No. 436. Home Grown Cereals Authority (HGCA) London.

The final straw: crop archives and the recent history of cereal pathosystems

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Lucas, J. A. and Fraaije, B. A. 2008. The final straw: crop archives and the recent history of cereal pathosystems. Jellis, G. and Edwards, C. (ed.) Cereal pathosystems: papers from BSPP Presidential Meeting, London, 16-17 December 2008 . Home Grown Cereals Authority (HGCA) London. pp. 103-115

Adaptation of Mycosphaerella graminicola populations to azole fungicides in the UK

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Fraaije, B. A., Cools, H. J., Motteram, J., Gilbert, S. R., Kim, S-H. and Lucas, J. A. 2008. Adaptation of Mycosphaerella graminicola populations to azole fungicides in the UK. Deising, H. B., Lyr, H., Russell, P. E., Kuck, K. H., Gisi, U. and Dehne, H. W. (ed.) Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds V: Proceedings 15th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium on Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds, 2007 . Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft, Braunschweig. pp. 121-127

Re-contructing evolution of fungicide resistance and disease dynamics of cereal pathogens from crop archives

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fraaije, B. A. 2008. Re-contructing evolution of fungicide resistance and disease dynamics of cereal pathogens from crop archives.

Testing of fungicide activity enhancers using Septoria leaf blotch as model. Confidential report to industrial sponsor

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential
Bean, T. P. and Fraaije, B. A. 2008. Testing of fungicide activity enhancers using Septoria leaf blotch as model. Confidential report to industrial sponsor.

Expression of genes encoding efflux proteins in Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates with sensitive or reduced triazole sensitivity phenotypes

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Bean, T. P., Cools, H. J., Lucas, J. A. and Fraaije, B. A. 2008. Expression of genes encoding efflux proteins in Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates with sensitive or reduced triazole sensitivity phenotypes. Deising, H. B., Lyr, H., Russell, P. E., Kuck, K. H., Gisi, U. and Dehne, H. W. (ed.) Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds V: Proceedings 15th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium on Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds, 2007 . Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft, Braunschweig. pp. 93-99

Asymptomatic infection of winter and spring barley by Rhynchosporium secalis: effects and implications for epidemiology and host resistance

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Atkins, S. D., Stonard, J. F., Fraaije, B. A., Lucas, J. A., Fitt, B. D. L. and Newton, A. C. 2008. Asymptomatic infection of winter and spring barley by Rhynchosporium secalis: effects and implications for epidemiology and host resistance. Abstracts 10th International Barley Genetics Symposium (IBGS), Alexandria, 5-10 April 2008 .

The dynamics of Rynchosporium secalis in winter and spring barley and the role of inoculum sources

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Atkins, S. D., Fraaije, B. A., Lucas, J. A. and Fitt, B. D. L. 2008. The dynamics of Rynchosporium secalis in winter and spring barley and the role of inoculum sources.

Quantitative measurements of CYP51 alterations in populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola using pyrosequencing

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Motteram, J., Cools, H. J., Gilbert, S. and Fraaije, B. A. 2008. Quantitative measurements of CYP51 alterations in populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola using pyrosequencing.

Dispersal of airborne spores from plant pahtogenic fungi in cereals

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Havis, N., Fraaije, B. A. and Oxley, S. 2008. Dispersal of airborne spores from plant pahtogenic fungi in cereals.

Confidential report to Makhteshim Agan (UK) Ltd

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential
Fraaije, B. A. 2008. Confidential report to Makhteshim Agan (UK) Ltd.

Demethylation inhibitor resistance in cereal pathogens and consequences of resistance management

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fraaije, B. A., Cools, H. J., Motteram, J. and Lucas, J. A. 2008. Demethylation inhibitor resistance in cereal pathogens and consequences of resistance management.

Characterisation of mechanisms correlated with reduced azole sensitivity in Mycosphaerella graminicola

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Cools, H. J., Fraaije, B. A., Bean, T. P. and Lucas, J. A. 2008. Characterisation of mechanisms correlated with reduced azole sensitivity in Mycosphaerella graminicola.

Impact of mutations in the CYP51 gene of Mycosphaerella graminicola on azole fungicide sensitivity and intrinsic protein function

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Cools, H. J., Fraaije, B. A., Fernandez-Ortuno, D., Bean, T. P. and Lucas, J. A. 2008. Impact of mutations in the CYP51 gene of Mycosphaerella graminicola on azole fungicide sensitivity and intrinsic protein function. Abstracts 7th International Mycosphaerella and Stagonospora Symposium, Ascona, 18-22 August 2008 .

Long-term dynamics in wheat of Phaeosphaeria nodorum and Mycosphaerella graminicola

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Shaw, M. W., Bearchell, S. J., Fitt, B. D. L. and Fraaije, B. A. 2008. Long-term dynamics in wheat of Phaeosphaeria nodorum and Mycosphaerella graminicola.

Controlling Septoria: can azole fungicides be relied upon?

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications
Fraaije, B. A., Cools, H. J., Clark, B. and Lucas, J. A. 2008. Controlling Septoria: can azole fungicides be relied upon? RRA Newsletter. 26, p. 3.

Long-term relationships between environment and abundance of wheat of Phaeosphaeria nodorum and Mycosphaerella graminicola

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Shaw, M. W., Bearchell, S. J., Fitt, B. D. L. and Fraaije, B. A. 2008. Long-term relationships between environment and abundance of wheat of Phaeosphaeria nodorum and Mycosphaerella graminicola. New Phytologist. 177 (1), pp. 229-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02236.x

Molecular mechanisms associated with altered azole sensitivity in Mycosphaerella graminicola

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Cools, H. J., Bean, T. P., Motteram, J., Gilbert, S. R. and Fraaije, B. A. 2007. Molecular mechanisms associated with altered azole sensitivity in Mycosphaerella graminicola. Proceedings 16th International Plant Protection Congress, Glasgow, 15-18 October 2007 . pp. 406-407

Evolution of fungicide resistance in UK populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fraaije, B. A. 2007. Evolution of fungicide resistance in UK populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Abstracts Resistance 2007, Harpenden, 16-18 April 2007 .

Effects of a strobilurin-based spray programme on disease control, green leaf area, yield and development of fungicide-resistance in Mycosphaerella graminicola in Northern Ireland

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Mccartney, C., Mercer, P. C., Cooke, L. R. and Fraaije, B. A. 2007. Effects of a strobilurin-based spray programme on disease control, green leaf area, yield and development of fungicide-resistance in Mycosphaerella graminicola in Northern Ireland. Crop Protection. 26, pp. 1272-1280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2006.10.027

Transcriptome profiling of the response of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates to an azole fungicide using cDNA microarrays

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Cools, H. J., Fraaije, B. A., Bean, T. P., Antoniw, J. F. and Lucas, J. A. 2007. Transcriptome profiling of the response of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates to an azole fungicide using cDNA microarrays. Molecular Plant Pathology. 8 (5), pp. 639-651. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1364-3703.2007.00411.X

Dynamics of fungicide resistant alleles in field populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fraaije, B. A. 2007. Dynamics of fungicide resistant alleles in field populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola.

Molecular mechanisms correlated with reduced azole sensitivity in Mycosphaerella graminicola

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Cools, H. J. 2007. Molecular mechanisms correlated with reduced azole sensitivity in Mycosphaerella graminicola.

Sterol content analysis of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates with reduced sensitivity to triazole fungicides

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Bean, T. P., Cools, H. J., Fraaije, B. A. and Lucas, J. A. 2007. Sterol content analysis of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates with reduced sensitivity to triazole fungicides.

Comparison of Leptosphaeria biglobosa- induced and chemically induced systemic resistance to L. maculans in Brassica napus

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Liu, S-Y., Liu, R-H., Latunde-Dada, A. O., Cools, H. J., Foster, S. J., Huang, Y-J. and Fitt, B. D. L. 2007. Comparison of Leptosphaeria biglobosa- induced and chemically induced systemic resistance to L. maculans in Brassica napus. Chinese Science Bulletin. 52, pp. 1053-1062. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-007-0181-5

A novel substitution 1381V in the sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of Mycosphaerella graminicola is differentially selected by azole fungicides

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Fraaije, B. A., Cools, H. J., Kim, S-H., Motteram, J., Clark, W. S. and Lucas, J. A. 2007. A novel substitution 1381V in the sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of Mycosphaerella graminicola is differentially selected by azole fungicides. Molecular Plant Pathology. 8 (3), pp. 245-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00388.X

Application of real-time and multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays to study leaf blotch epidemics in barley

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Fountaine, J. M., Shaw, M. W., Napier, B., Ward, E. and Fraaije, B. A. 2007. Application of real-time and multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays to study leaf blotch epidemics in barley. Phytopathology. 97, pp. 297-303. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-97-0297

Effects of Strobilurin fungicides on control of Septoria tritici blotch, green leaf area and yield of winter wheat in the light of fungicide resistance in Northern Ireland

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Mccartney, C., Mercer, P. C., Cooke, L. R. and Fraaije, B. A. 2006. Effects of Strobilurin fungicides on control of Septoria tritici blotch, green leaf area and yield of winter wheat in the light of fungicide resistance in Northern Ireland. Fungicide Resistance: Are We Wiining the Battle but Losing the War? Aspects of Applied Biology 78 . pp. 71

Methods to detect fungicide resistance: from broth dilution to real-time PCR

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Fraaije, B. A. and Cools, H. J. 2006. Methods to detect fungicide resistance: from broth dilution to real-time PCR. Fungicide Resistance: Are We Winning the Battle but Losing the War? Aspects of Applied Biology 78 . pp. 11-15

DMI resistance: an overview

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fraaije, B. A. 2006. DMI resistance: an overview. Abstracts 11th IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, Kobe, 6-11 August 2006 . pp. 60

Fungicide resistance management strategies, using barley mildew as a model

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Burnett, F. J., Clark, W. S., Fraaije, B. A. and Lucas, J. A. 2006. Fungicide resistance management strategies, using barley mildew as a model. Fungicide Resistance: Are We Winning the Battle but Losing the War? Aspects of Applied Biology 78 . pp. 83-89

Integration of molecular diagnostics and air sampling to study plant pathogens

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
West, J. S., Fraaije, B. A., Motteram, J., Rogers, S. L., Lacey, M. E. and Lucas, J. A. 2006. Integration of molecular diagnostics and air sampling to study plant pathogens. Abstracts 8th International Congress on Aerobiology, Neuchatel, 21-25 August 2006 . pp. 260

Transcriptome profiling of the response of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates to triazole fungicides using cDNA microarrays

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Cools, H. J., Antoniw, J. F. and Fraaije, B. A. 2006. Transcriptome profiling of the response of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates to triazole fungicides using cDNA microarrays. Abstracts 11th IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, Kobe, 6-11 August 2006 . pp. 140

Transcriptome profiling of the response of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates to triazole fungicides using cDNA microarrays

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Cools, H. J., Antoniw, J. F., Bean, T. P. and Fraaije, B. A. 2006. Transcriptome profiling of the response of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates to triazole fungicides using cDNA microarrays. Abstracts 3rd COGEME Interest Group Meeting, Manchester, 7-8 November 2006 . pp. 28

Evolution of azole resistance mechanisms in UK populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Cools, H. J. and Fraaije, B. A. 2006. Evolution of azole resistance mechanisms in UK populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Fungicide Resistance: Are We Winning the Battle but Losing the War? Aspects of Applied Biology 78 . pp. 21-27

In planta expression analysis in Mycosphaerella graminicola of genes encoding efflux proteins

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Bean, T. P., Cools, H. J., Fraaije, B. A. and Lucas, J. A. 2006. In planta expression analysis in Mycosphaerella graminicola of genes encoding efflux proteins. Asbtracts APS CPS MSA Joint Meeting on Plant Pathology at the Biological Crossroads, Quebec, 29 July-2 August 2006 . pp. 11

Application of quantitative real-time PCR to monitor Rynchosporium secalis in barley cultivars

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Atkins, S. D., Fountaine, J. M., Fitt, B. D. L. and Fraaije, B. A. 2006. Application of quantitative real-time PCR to monitor Rynchosporium secalis in barley cultivars. Abstracts International Workshop on Barley Leaf Blights, Edmonton, 23-27 July 2006 .

Impact of changes in the target P450 CYP51 enzyme associated with altered triazole-sensitivity in fungal pathogens of cereal crops

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Cools, H. J., Fraaije, B. A., Kim, S. H. and Lucas, J. A. 2006. Impact of changes in the target P450 CYP51 enzyme associated with altered triazole-sensitivity in fungal pathogens of cereal crops. Biochemical Society Transactions. 34 (6), pp. 1219-1222. https://doi.org/10.1042/BST0341219

Exploring appressorial formation in the cereal biotroph powdery mildew

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Gilbert, S. R., Fraaije, B. A., Bailey, A., Cools, H. J. and Lucas, J. A. 2006. Exploring appressorial formation in the cereal biotroph powdery mildew. Abstracts 8th European Conference on Fungal Genetics, Vienna, 8-11 April 2006 . pp. 165

Development and field testing of fungicide anti-resistance strategies, with particular reference to strobilurin QoI group of fungicides. (HGCA Project Report No. 392)

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential
Fraaije, B. A., Burnett, F. J., Clark, W. S. and Lucas, J. A. 2006. Development and field testing of fungicide anti-resistance strategies, with particular reference to strobilurin QoI group of fungicides. (HGCA Project Report No. 392). Home Grown Cereals Authority (HGCA) London.

Testing an experimental fungicide for in vitro activity against Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici ) (Confidential report for Cropsolution Inc)

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential
Lucas, J. A., Bean, T., Cools, H. J. and Fraaije, B. A. 2005. Testing an experimental fungicide for in vitro activity against Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici ) (Confidential report for Cropsolution Inc).

Exploring appressorial formation in the biotrophic cereal fungus powdery mildew

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Gilbert, S., Cools, H. J., Fraaije, B. A., Bailey, A. and Lucas, J. A. 2005. Exploring appressorial formation in the biotrophic cereal fungus powdery mildew. Abstracts 23rd Fungal Genetics Conference, Asilomar, 15-20 March 2005 . pp. 177

The role of ascospores in further spread of QoI-resistant cytochrome b alleles (G143A) in field populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Fraaije, B. A., Cools, H. J., Fountaine, J., Lovell, D. J., Motteram, J., West, J. S. and Lucas, J. A. 2005. The role of ascospores in further spread of QoI-resistant cytochrome b alleles (G143A) in field populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Phytopathology. 95 (8), pp. 933-941. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-95-0933

QoI resistance in Mycosphaerella graminicola : role of inoculum, effect of different anti-resistance strategies and current status in the UK

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fraaije, B. A., Burnett, F., Clark, W., Motteram, J. and Lucas, J. A. 2005. QoI resistance in Mycosphaerella graminicola : role of inoculum, effect of different anti-resistance strategies and current status in the UK. Abstracts American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Austin, 30 July-3 August 2005 .

Resistance development to QoI inhibitors in populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola in the UK

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Fraaije, B. A., Burnett, F. J., Clark, W. S., Motteram, J. and Lucas, J. A. 2005. Resistance development to QoI inhibitors in populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola in the UK. Dehne, H-W., Lyr, H., Russell, P. E., Kuck, K. H. and Gisi, U. (ed.) Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds IV: Proceedings of the 14th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium, Friedrichroda, 25-29 April 2004 . British Crop Protection Council (BCPC). pp. 63-71

Molecular examination of Septoria tritici isolates with reduced sensitivities to triazoles

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Cools, H. J., Fraaije, B. A. and Lucas, J. A. 2005. Molecular examination of Septoria tritici isolates with reduced sensitivities to triazoles. Dehne, H-W., Lyr, H., Russell, P. E., Kuck, K. H. and Gisi, U. (ed.) Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds IV: Proceedings of the 14th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium, Friedrichroda, 25-29 April 2004 . British Crop Protection Council (BCPC). pp. 103-114

Molecular mechanisms correlated with changes in triazole sensitivity in isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Cools, H. J., Fraaije, B. A. and Lucas, J. A. 2005. Molecular mechanisms correlated with changes in triazole sensitivity in isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Proceedings BCPC International Congress - Crop Science and Technology, Glasgow, 31 October-2 November 2005 . pp. 267-274

Using cDNA microarrays to profile the response of Mycosphaerella graminicola to triazole fungicides

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Cools, H. J., Fraaije, B. A., Keon, J. P. R., Antoniw, J. F. and Lucas, J. A. 2005. Using cDNA microarrays to profile the response of Mycosphaerella graminicola to triazole fungicides. Abstracts COGEME Interest Group Meeting, Manchester, 8-9 November 2005 .

Integration of spore trapping with molecular techniques to enhance epidemiological studies

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
West, J. S., McCartney, H. A., Fountaine, J., Fraaije, B. A., Lee, I. K. and Lucas, J. A. 2005. Integration of spore trapping with molecular techniques to enhance epidemiological studies. Abstracts 9th International Workshop on Plant Disease Epidemiology, Rennes, 10-15 April 2005 . pp. 65

Wheat archive links long-term fungal pathogen population dynamics to air pollution

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Bearchell, S. J., Fraaije, B. A., Shaw, M. W. and Fitt, B. D. L. 2005. Wheat archive links long-term fungal pathogen population dynamics to air pollution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (15), pp. 5438-5442. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0501596102

Strobilurin resistance in Septoria tritici in the UK. (HGCA topic sheet No. 69)

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications
Clark, W. and Fraaije, B. A. 2005. Strobilurin resistance in Septoria tritici in the UK. (HGCA topic sheet No. 69).

Leptosphaeria biglobosa can induce higher resistance of Brassica napus to Phoma stem canker by triggering earlier JA/ET pathway and stronger SA pathway both locally and systematically

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Liu, R., Liu, S., Fitt, B. D. L., Cools, H. J., Latunde-Dada, A. O., Huang, Y-J., Li, Z. and Lucas, J. A. 2004. Leptosphaeria biglobosa can induce higher resistance of Brassica napus to Phoma stem canker by triggering earlier JA/ET pathway and stronger SA pathway both locally and systematically. Abstracts Discovery, Development and Delivery in Plant Pathology: 7th Conference of the European Foundation for Plant Pathology and BSPP Presidential Meeting 2004, Aberdeen, 5-10 September 2004 . pp. 38

Molecular mechanisms conferring reduced sensitivities to triazoles in UK isolates of Septoria tritici

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Cools, H. J., Fraaije, B. A. and Lucas, J. A. 2004. Molecular mechanisms conferring reduced sensitivities to triazoles in UK isolates of Septoria tritici.

Evolution of QoI resistance in populations of Mycosphaerella graminocola

C2 - Non-edited contributions to conferences
Fraaije, B. A. and Lucas, J. A. 2004. Evolution of QoI resistance in populations of Mycosphaerella graminocola.

Plant pathogen diagnostics: immunological and nucleic acid-based approaches

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Ward, E., Foster, S. J., Fraaije, B. A. and McCartney, H. A. 2004. Plant pathogen diagnostics: immunological and nucleic acid-based approaches. Annals of Applied Biology - AAB. 145 (1), pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2004.tb00354.x

Peduncle rot of dwarf wheat caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis

G - Articles in popular magazines and other technical publications
Lovell, D. J., Parker, S. R., Baldwin, S. and Fraaije, B. A. 2003. Peduncle rot of dwarf wheat caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis. Plant Health Progress. July 2003, p. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/.

QoI resistance development in populations of cereal pathogens in the UK

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Fraaije, B. A., Lucas, J. A., Clark, W. S. and Burnett, F. J. 2003. QoI resistance development in populations of cereal pathogens in the UK. Proceedings BCPC International Congress - Crop Science and Technology, Glasgow, 10-12 November 2003 . pp. 689-694

Menadione sodium bisulphite: a novel plant defence activator which enhances local and systemic resistance to infection by Leptosphaeria maculans in oilseed rape

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Borges, A. A., Cools, H. J. and Lucas, J. A. 2003. Menadione sodium bisulphite: a novel plant defence activator which enhances local and systemic resistance to infection by Leptosphaeria maculans in oilseed rape. Plant Pathology. 52 (4), pp. 429-436. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00877.x

Molecular diagnostics for fungal plant pathogens

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
McCartney, H. A., Foster, S. J., Fraaije, B. A. and Ward, E. 2003. Molecular diagnostics for fungal plant pathogens. Pest Management Science. 59 (2), pp. 129-142. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.575

Resistance in wheat powdery mildew to strobilurin fungicides: effects of dose rate, frequency and mixtures (Final report to Defra on project PT0226)

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential
Fraaije, B. A. 2002. Resistance in wheat powdery mildew to strobilurin fungicides: effects of dose rate, frequency and mixtures (Final report to Defra on project PT0226).

Septoria epidemics on wheat: combined use of visual assessment and PCR-based diagnostics to identify mechanisms of disease escape

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Fraaije, B. A., Lovell, D. J. and Baldwin, S. 2002. Septoria epidemics on wheat: combined use of visual assessment and PCR-based diagnostics to identify mechanisms of disease escape.

Following the dynamics of strobilurin resistance in Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici using quantitative allele-specific real-time PCR measurements with the fluorescent dye SYBR Green 1

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Fraaije, B. A., Butters, J. A., Coelho, J. M., Jones, D. R. and Hollomon, D. W. 2002. Following the dynamics of strobilurin resistance in Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici using quantitative allele-specific real-time PCR measurements with the fluorescent dye SYBR Green 1. Plant Pathology. 51 (1), pp. 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0032-0862.2001.00650.x

Pre-treatment of cucumber plants with acibenzolar-S-methyl systemically primes a phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene (PAL1 ) for enhanced expression upon attack with a pathogenic fungus

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Cools, H. J. and Ishii, H. 2002. Pre-treatment of cucumber plants with acibenzolar-S-methyl systemically primes a phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene (PAL1 ) for enhanced expression upon attack with a pathogenic fungus. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 61, pp. 273-280.

Cloning and sequence analysis of the eburicol 14alpha-demethylase encoding gene (CYP51 ) from the Japanese pear scab fungus Venturia nashicola

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Cools, H. J., Ishii, H., Butters, J. A. and Hollomon, D. W. 2002. Cloning and sequence analysis of the eburicol 14alpha-demethylase encoding gene (CYP51 ) from the Japanese pear scab fungus Venturia nashicola. Journal of Phytopathology. 150 (42986), pp. 444-450. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0434.2002.00776.x

Quantitative PCR monitoring of the effect of azoxystrobin treatments on Mycosphaerella graminicola epidemics in the field

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Rohel, E. A., Laurent, P., Fraaije, B. A., Cavelier, N. and Hollomon, D. W. 2002. Quantitative PCR monitoring of the effect of azoxystrobin treatments on Mycosphaerella graminicola epidemics in the field. Pest Management Science. 58 (3), pp. 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.431

Occurrence and molecular characterization of strobilurin resistance in cucumber powdery mildew and downy mildew

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Ishii, H., Fraaije, B. A., Sugiyama, T., Noguchi, K., Nishimura, K., Takeda, T., Amano, T. and Hollomon, D. W. 2001. Occurrence and molecular characterization of strobilurin resistance in cucumber powdery mildew and downy mildew. Phytopathology. 91, pp. 1166-1171. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.12.1166

PCR-based assays to assess wheat varietal resistance to blotch (Septoria tritici and Stagonospora nododrum ) and rust (Puccinia striiformis and Puccinia recondita) diseases

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Fraaije, B. A., Lovell, D. J., Coelho, J. M., Baldwin, S. and Hollomon, D. W. 2001. PCR-based assays to assess wheat varietal resistance to blotch (Septoria tritici and Stagonospora nododrum ) and rust (Puccinia striiformis and Puccinia recondita) diseases. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 107, pp. 905-917. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013119206261

Exploring infection of wheat and carbohydrate metabolism in Mycosphaerella graminocola transformants with differentially regulated green fluorescent protein expression

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals
Rohel, E. A., Payne, A. C., Fraaije, B. A. and Hollomon, D. W. 2001. Exploring infection of wheat and carbohydrate metabolism in Mycosphaerella graminocola transformants with differentially regulated green fluorescent protein expression. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions - MPMI. 14 (2), pp. 156-163. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.2.156

Novel DNA diagnostic technology in plant disease control using Septoria tritici as a model. (HGCA Project Report No. 245)

D1 - Technical reports: non-confidential
Fraaije, B. A. and Hollomon, D. W. 2001. Novel DNA diagnostic technology in plant disease control using Septoria tritici as a model. (HGCA Project Report No. 245). Home Grown Cereals Authority (HGCA) London.

In planta genotyping of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici isolates for strobilurin-resistance using a fluorometric allele-specific PCR assay

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Fraaije, B. A., Butters, J. A. and Hollomon, D. W. 2000. In planta genotyping of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici isolates for strobilurin-resistance using a fluorometric allele-specific PCR assay. Proceedings AFPP 6th International Conference on Plant Diseases, Tours, 6-8 December 2000 . pp. 779-786

In planta genotyping of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici isolates for strobilurin-resistance using a fluorometric allele-specific PCR assay

C1 - Edited contributions to conferences/learned societies
Fraaije, B. A., Butters, J. A. and Hollomon, D. W. 2000. In planta genotyping of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici isolates for strobilurin-resistance using a fluorometric allele-specific PCR assay. Proceedings Brighton Crop Protection Conference - Pests and Diseases, 2000 . pp. 401-406

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