Apoplastic and vascular defences

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Darino, M., Kanyuka, K. and Hammond-Kosack, K. E. 2022. Apoplastic and vascular defences. Essays in Biochemistry. 66 (5), pp. 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20220159

AuthorsDarino, M., Kanyuka, K. and Hammond-Kosack, K. E.
Abstract

The apoplast comprises the intercellular space between cell membranes, includes the xylem, and extends to the rhizoplane and the outer surfaces of the plant. The apoplast plays roles in different biological processes including plant immunity. This highly specialised space is often the first place where pathogen recognition occurs, and this then triggers the immune response. The immune response in the apoplast involves different mechanisms that restrict pathogen infection. Among these responses, secretion of different molecules like proteases, proteins related to immunity, small RNAs and secondary metabolites play important and often additive or synergistic roles. In addition, production of reactive oxygen species occurs to cause direct deleterious effects on the pathogen as well as reinforce the plant’s immune response by triggering modifications to cell wall composition and providing additional defence signalling capabilities. The pool of available sugar in the apoplast also plays a role in immunity. These sugars can be manipulated by both interactors, pathogens gaining access to nutrients whilst the plant’s responses restrict the pathogen’s access to nutrients. In this review, we describe the latest findings in the field to highlight the importance of the apoplast in plant – pathogen interactions and plant immunity. We also indicate where new discoveries are needed.

KeywordsApoplast; Xylem; Plant pathogen; Defences
Year of Publication2022
JournalEssays in Biochemistry
Journal citation66 (5), pp. 595-605
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20220159
Open accessPublished as green open access
FunderBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
Funder project or codeDesigning Future Wheat (DFW) [ISPG]
Defining the signalling network linking pathogen infection and asparagine accumulation in wheat grain
A FAIR community resource for pathogens, hosts and their interactions to enhance global food security and human health
BB/W018403/1
Accepted author manuscript
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online05 Sep 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted19 Aug 2022
PublisherPortland Press Ltd
ISSN0071-1365

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