Wheat amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs): occurrence, function and health aspects

A - Papers appearing in refereed journals

Geisslitz, S., Weegels, P., Shewry, P. R., Zevallos, V., Masci, S., Sorrells, M., Gregorini, A., Colomba, M., Jonkers, D., Huang, X., De Giorgio, R., Caio, G. P., D’Amico, S., Larre, C. and Brouns, F. 2022. Wheat amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs): occurrence, function and health aspects. European Journal Of Nutrition. 61, pp. 2873-2880. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02841-y

AuthorsGeisslitz, S., Weegels, P., Shewry, P. R., Zevallos, V., Masci, S., Sorrells, M., Gregorini, A., Colomba, M., Jonkers, D., Huang, X., De Giorgio, R., Caio, G. P., D’Amico, S., Larre, C. and Brouns, F.
Abstract

Amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) are widely consumed in cereal-based foods and have been implicated in adverse reactions to wheat exposure, such as respiratory and food allergy, and intestinal responses associated with coeliac disease and non coeliac wheat sensitivity. ATIs occur in multiple isoforms which differ in the amounts present in different types of wheat (including ancient and modern ones). Measuring ATIs and their isoforms is an analytical challenge as is their isolation for use in studies addressing their potential effects on the human body. ATI isoforms differ in their spectrum of bioactive effects in the human gastrointestinal (GI), which may include enzyme inhibition, inflammation and immune responses and of which much is not known. Similarly, although modifications during food processing (exposure to heat, moisture, salt, acid, fermentation) may affect their structure and activity as shown in vitro, it is important to relate these changes to effects that may present in the GI tract. Finally, much of our knowledge of their potential biological effects is based on studies in vitro and in animal models. Validation by human studies using processed foods as commonly consumed is warranted. We conclude that more detailed understanding of these factors may allow the effects of ATIs on human health to be better understood and when possible, to be ameliorated, for example by innovative food processing. We therefore review in short our current knowledge of these proteins, focusing on features which relate to their biological activity and identifying gaps in our knowledge and research priorities.

KeywordsAmylase/trypsin inhibitors ; ATIs; Coeliac disease ; Wheat allergy ; Non-coeliac wheat sensitivity ; Intestinal symptoms
Year of Publication2022
JournalEuropean Journal Of Nutrition
Journal citation61, pp. 2873-2880
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02841-y
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
FunderBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
Funder project or codeWell on wheat
Publisher's version
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online02 Mar 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted11 Feb 2022
PublisherSpringer Heidelberg
ISSN1436-6207

Permalink - https://repository.rothamsted.ac.uk/item/98834/wheat-amylase-trypsin-inhibitors-atis-occurrence-function-and-health-aspects

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